A5045081409- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Sex work and related issues
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
University of California, San Diego
2016-2025
University of California System
2010-2025
Xochicalco University
2019-2024
La Jolla Alcohol Research
2010-2023
University of Chile
2023
University of California, Los Angeles
2022
Border Network for Human Rights
2022
Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI
2017
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
2014-2016
University of San Diego
2016
FSWs who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) can acquire HIV through high risk sexual and injection behaviors. We studied correlates of infection among FSW-IDUs in northern Mexico, where sex work is quasi-legal syringes be legally obtained without a prescription.FSW-IDUs>18 years old reported injecting recent unprotected with clients Tijuana Ciudad Juarez underwent surveys HIV/STI testing. Logistic regression identified infection.Of 620 FSW-IDUs, prevalence HIV, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, trichomonas,...
People who inject drugs may be at elevated SARS-CoV-2 risk due to their living conditions and/or exposures when seeking or using drugs. No study date has reported upon factors for infection among people
Amidst an increasingly toxic drug supply in North America, people who inject drugs may be transitioning to smoking them. We aimed assess changes injecting and opioids methamphetamine among a cohort of from San Diego, California.
HIV prevalence is rising, especially among high risk females in Tijuana, Baja California, a Mexico-US border city situated on major migration and drug trafficking routes. We compared factors associated with infection male female injection users (IDUs) Tijuana an effort to inform prevention treatment programs. IDUs aged ≥18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling underwent testing for HIV, syphilis structured interviews. Logistic regression identified correlates of infection,...
We evaluated brief combination interventions to simultaneously reduce sexual and injection risks among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) in Tijuana Ciudad Juarez, Mexico during 2008-2010, when harm reduction coverage was expanding rapidly Tijuana, but less so Juarez.
People who inject drugs (PWID) are vulnerable to acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We examined correlates of disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among PWID in the US-Mexico border region, whom only 7.6% had received ≥ 1 COVID-19 dose by September 2021.
Antiviral therapies with reduced frequencies of administration and high barriers to resistance remain a major goal. For HIV, theories have proposed that viral-deletion variants, which conditionally replicate basic reproductive ratio [R
Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) incidence among a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) San Diego, California Tijuana, Mexico.
Abstract Background Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) insecurity increases the risk of water-related diseases. However, limited research has been conducted on psychosocial distress as it relates to WaSH insecurity, especially among people who inject drugs (PWID). We examined relationship between related anxiety PWID living in different housing conditions along US-Mexico border region. Methods From 2020–2021, a cross-sectional study was 585 injected within last month Tijuana ( N = 202),...
Objective. Sex work is regulated in Tijuana, Mexico, but only half of the city's female sex workers (FSWs) are registered with municipal health department, which requires regular screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We examined correlates registration to determine if it confers measurable benefits. Methods. From 2004 2006, we interviewed FSWs Tijuana ≥18 years age who reported recent unprotected at least one client were not knowingly...
Background: Although most people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico, primarily heroin, injection and non-injection use of methamphetamine cocaine is common. We examined patterns polydrug among heroin injectors to inform prevention treatment drug its health social consequences. Methods: Participants were PWID residing aged ≥18 years reported the past six months recruited through respondent-driven sampling (n = 1,025). Latent class analysis was conducted assign individuals classes on a...
People who inject drugs (PWID) have extraordinarily low uptake of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) despite high levels need. Long-acting PrEP modalities hold promise for HIV prevention among PWID, but product preferences remain poorly understood. From September to November 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews with 28 HIV-negative, adult (≥18 years) PWID in San Diego County, CA, explore their perspectives on daily oral pills and long-acting (i.e.,...
Objectives. We sought to determine the efficacy of coaching Latino adolescents with latent tuberculosis infection adhere isoniazid treatment. Methods. Participants (n = 286) were randomly assigned adherence coaching, attention control, or usual care groups. Adherence was measured via interviews and validated urine assays. Results. Coaching resulted in significant increases compared Bicultural more likely be adherent than those most least acculturated. Age risk behavior negatively related...
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a network-based method used to recruit hidden populations. Since it respondent-driven, RDS prone bias. However, these biases could facilitate recruitment of high-risk networks. We examined patterns human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive injection drug users (IDUs) and identified factors associated with being recruited by an HIV-positive IDU in RDS-based study.IDUs aged > or =18, who injected within the last month resided Tijuana, Mexico, were using...
Abstract Objective To assess factors associated with drug-related harms related to policing among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods IDUs who were over 18 years old and had injected drugs within the last six months recruited via respondent-driven sampling underwent questionnaires testing for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), syphilis TB (tuberculosis). Random effects logistic regression was used simultaneously model five practices prior (i.e., police led them rush...
Researchers are increasingly recognizing the importance of addressing sexual and drug-related HIV risk within context intimate relationships rather than solely focusing on individual behaviors. Practical effective methods needed to recruit, screen, enroll high hard-to-reach couples who would most benefit from interventions, such as drug-using female sex workers (FSWs) their intimate, non-commercial partners. This paper outlines a bi-national, multidisciplinary effort develop implement study...
Abstract Background People who use drugs (PWUD) experience elevated HIV risk and numerous barriers to facility-based testing. self-testing (HIVST) could circumvent many of those is acceptable among PWUD, yet HIVST implementation for PWUD limited. Service providers’ perspectives on specific delivery strategies help increase availability PWUD. Methods From April–November 2021, we interviewed 16 health, harm reduction, social service providers working with in San Diego, CA. Interviews rapid...
Abstract Background Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts HCV and HIV incidence among a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) San Diego, CA Tijuana, Mexico. Methods PWID were recruited into prospective two waves during 2020-2022, undergoing semi-annual interviewer-administered surveys, serology through February 2024. Cox regression was conducted to examine...
BackgroundWe examined HIV prevalence and transmission dynamics among people who inject drugs in the U.S./Mexico border region during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsPeople aged ≥18 years from 3 groups were recruited: live San Diego (SD) engaged cross-border drug use Tijuana, Mexico (SD CBDUs), SD Tijuana (TJ) did not engage (NCBDUs). We computed at baseline bivariate incidence-density rates (IR) 18-month follow-up. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was used to identify local clusters, estimate their...
Abstract Background We assessed seroprevalence and seroincidence against orthopoxvirus (OPXV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the U.S./Mexico border region during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Between 09/21-11/23, PWID lived either San Diego (SD; N=129) or Tijuana (TJ; N=343) underwent a baseline follow-up visit involving interviewer-administered surveys venipuncture. Sera were batch tested at U.S. Center for Disease Control Prevention using an OPXV generic IgG ELISA JYNNEOS® vaccine as...
Few estimates exist of the prevalence sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and associated risk factors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Diego-Tijuana border region, despite high HIV. PWID living Diego or Tijuana underwent testing for bacterial STIs between December 2022 February 2024. Urogenital gonorrhea chlamydia were assessed using a urine test, Aptima CT/GC assay. Syphilis was treponemal Health Check Rapid Point-of-Care assay nontreponemal rapid plasma reagin Treponema...