This Article reports on the influence of light irradiation stability emulsions prepared using a photoresponsive gemini surfactant (C7-azo-C7) having an azobenzene skeleton as spacer. When mixtures trans C7-azo-C7 aqueous solution and n-octane are homogenized, stable obtained in specific region weight fraction concentration. Fluorescence microscopy observations small amount fluorescent probes show that oil-in-water (O/W)-type. UV O/W promotes cis isomerization leads to coalescence oil...

The influence of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on the emulsification properties mixtures an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a photoresponsive cationic 2-(4-(4-butylphenyl)diazenylphenoxy)ethyltrimethylammonium bromide (C4AzoTAB), containing azobenzene group has been investigated. When n-octane aqueous SDS/trans-C4AzoTAB solution are homogenized, stable emulsions obtained in regions specific surfactant concentrations molar ratios mixed surfactants. for over week...

We study the ground state of model Hamiltonian trimerized $S=1/2$ quantum Heisenberg chain $\rm Cu_3 Cl_6 (H_2 O)_2 \cdot 2H_8 C_4 SO_2$ in which non-magnetic is observed recently. This consists stacked trimers and has three kinds coupling constants between spins; intra-trimer constant $J_1$ inter-trimer $J_2$ $J_3$. All these are assumed to be antiferromagnetic. By use analytical method physical considerations, we show that there phases on $\tilde J_2 - \tilde J_3$ plane ($\tilde \equiv...

In order to clarify the mechanism of mechanochemical polishing SiC with Cr 2 O 3 abrasive, 6H‐wurtzite single‐crystal specimens were dry‐polished. A significant anisotropic rate difference was found between Si(0001) and C(000 1 ) surfaces. The surface removed 10 times as fast. Polished surfaces observed from cross‐sectional plan‐view directions by high‐voltage TEM. There no trace mechanical effects such residual strain or scratches. debris analyzed X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution TEM,...

Transient currents induced by the polarity reversal of a dc voltage applied to liquid-crystal cell have been experimentally studied. For voltages less than characteristic value, time occurrence peak current decreases with decreasing voltage, which is contrary behavior expected for normal carrier-transport process. To explain experiments, simple model based on variation an and internal electric field adsorbed charges substrate has proposed. The results from agree reasonably well experimental...

A new azobenzene derivative, bis[4-(3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]diazene (DC-azo), was synthesized as yellow powder through a three-step reaction. DC-azo crystallized from mixture of acetone/water in the form highly insulating gold-colored crystals with specular reflectance 21% over wavelength range 520-800 nm. The CIELAB color space indicated that were slightly more reddish and less yellowish than metallic Au. retained their gold coloration under dry conditions stable up to 383 K. X-ray...

This article reports the influence of redox reactions on emulsions n-octane and an aqueous solution a ferrocene-containing surfactant (FTMA; (11-ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium bromide). Above certain concentration, stable O/W were formed from reduced FTMA; in contrast, mixtures oxidized FTMA did not form at any concentration. Furthermore, adding oxidant to led coalescence oil (octane) droplets emulsions, subsequently, water (aqueous solution) phases fully separated i.e., demulsification...

Abstract High aspect ratio SiO 2 /SiN (ON) stacked layer etching using hydrofluorocarbon gases was conducted with various ratios of H, F, and C to achieve higher rates precise profile control. The experimental were 3 HF 5 , 4 H F 6 10 . oxygen gas flow rate mixing optimized maximize mask selectivity while avoiding clogging at the top mask. For comparison, /CH /Ar/O /C 8 used as reference mixtures. initial screening narrowed candidate pool gases: At equivalent power, condition achieved a 15%...

The azobenzene derivative 4,4'-bis{1-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)]ethoxy}azobenzene has been found to form gold-colored plate-like crystals. thin film obtained by accumulating the crystals a maximum specular reflectance of ca. 15% for visible light. To investigate structure crystals, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and IR analyses were performed. UV-vis measurements show that molecules in crystal produce J-aggregates. Furthermore, XRD estimated long-range d-spacing as 1.51 nm. These results...

A [001]-twist bicrystal was prepared by sintering single crystal sheets of an 80 K Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor Resistivity measurement showed that the transition temperature agreed with crystal. However, a large shoulder observed in current-voltage suggesting weak coupling grain boundary.

N719 dye adsorption on anatase surfaces with different densities was investigated by IR-absorption spectroscopy using a multiple internal reflection technique. When the adsorbed surface immersing it in an solution consisting of acetonitrile and tertiary-butyl alcohol, chemisorbed physisorbed dyes coexisted surface. The ratio dependent exposure, excessive exposure led to generation dye. Test fabrications dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) various exposures suggested that we need optimize...

A kinetic investigation of the reaction steel surfaces and labeled sulfur compounds under boundary lubrication with line contact was carried out. The active compound examined an accompanying compound, such as a or chlorine in binary additive system cetane solution. In friction tests for solutions containing two kinds compounds, elementary showed highest reactivity among used, didodecyl disulfide lowest. Dibenzyl reduced wear rate frictional surface, although it produced no disturbance...

Strained SiGe/Si single quantum well structures were successfully grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy using disilane and germane. Quantum confined excitonic transitions of band-edge states dominated low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The temperature dependence PL intensity was in agreement with type-I formation. size effect evidenced these the fact that transition energy increased decreasing width.

Thirty-eight beers from different producing areas and/or makers were distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA) of the near infrared (NIR) spectra acquired a portable NIR spectrometer. Classsification Akita beers: locally produced in prefecture, Japan, other famous brand could be successfully performed, especially when PCA was calculated on standard normal variate (SNV) spectra. The classification equations use information related to water and CH 2 absorption that reflected...

The morphologies of aggregates formed from a hybrid surfactant (F6H5OS) whose molecules have hydrocarbon chain (pentyl group) and fluorocarbon (perfluorohexyl were studied along with changes in the time. F6H5OS exhibits micelle-vesicle transition at concentration 5.5 mM water. Cryo-TEM observation 5 aqueous solution reveals existence only micelles diameter ca. 6 nm, while coexistence vesicles is observed 10 solution. When aged, are transformed into vesicles. Further, different structures,...