A5101536733- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies
- Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems
- Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
- Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube
- Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Missouri University of Science and Technology
2024
Los Alamos National Security (United States)
2007
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
2005
National Technical Information Service
2005
Sandia National Laboratories
2005
Scalmalloy® is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr-based alloy specifically developed for additive manufacturing (AM). This designed use with a direct aging treatment, as recommended by the manufacturer, rather than multistep often seen in conventional manufacturing. Most work conducted using powder bed powder-fed processes. investigation seeks to fill this knowledge gap and expand beyond single-step promote overall balanced AM-fabricated component. For study, directed energy deposition (DED)-fabricated...
Lockheed Martin's (LM) Advanced Technology Center (ATC) has developed a four stage pulse tube cryocooler (stirling-type system) to provide cooling at 4.5 K for superconducting digital electronics communications programs. These programs utilize niobium integrated circuits [1, 2]. A prior ATC 4 unit provided 3.8 K. [3] The relatively high loads the present program led us new design which improves power efficiency over systems. This includes unique approach using both He-3 and He-4 working gas...
A large capacity Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler has been successfully developed by Praxair Inc. Performance testing of both the prototype and initial production models verified a refrigeration 1kW at 77K using 20kW dual-opposed pressure wave generator from CFIC These results were obtained nitrogen subcooling test methods. The design incorporates sophisticated geometry to minimize streaming other loss mechanisms which have limited performance previous designs. intended application this...
Thermal conductivity testing under actual-use conditions is a key to understanding how cryogenic thermal insulation systems perform in regard engineering, economics, and materials factors. The Cryogenics Test Laboratory at NASA's Kennedy Space Center tested number of bulk-fill materials, including aerogel beads, glass bubbles, perlite powder, using new cylindrical cryostat. Boundary temperatures for the liquid nitrogen boiloff method were 78 K 293 K. Tests performed as function cold vacuum...
Lunar missions under consideration would benefit from incorporation of high specific impulse propellants such as LH2 and LO2, even with their accompanying boil-off losses necessary to maintain a steady tank pressure. This paper addresses cryogenic propellant reduction system minimize or eliminate boil-off. Concepts do so were considered the In-Space Cryogenic Propellant Depot Project. Specific that was an investigation cryocooler integration concepts for relatively large depot sized tanks....
A technology demonstration test project was conducted by the Cryogenics Test Laboratory at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to provide comparative thermal performance data for glass microspheres, referred as bubbles, and perlite insulation liquid hydrogen tank applications. Two identical 1/15th scale versions of 3,200,000 liter spherical tanks Launch Complex 39 KSC were custom designed built serve articles this project. Evaporative (boil-off) calorimeter protocols, including nitrogen hydrogen,...
Over the past few decades, pulse-tube cryocooler has advanced from a curiosity to one of most attractive systems for providing reliable cryogenic cooling; it is now used in aerospace, medical and superconductor applications. This technology development been enabled by simulation tools that are available regenerator, compressor, inertance tube design. However, dedicated design tool component associated flow transitions between pulse regenerator network not currently available.This paper...
The oil injected screw compressors have practically replaced all other types of in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, minimal vibration, reliability and capability handling helium's high heat compression.At the present state compressor system designs for systems, typically two-thirds lost input power is compression system. Therefore it important understand isothermal volumetric efficiencies these machines help properly design match process. This...
The knowledge of forced convection heat transfer liquid hydrogen is important for the cooling design a HTS superconducting magnet and cold neutron moderator material. An experimental apparatus that could obtain flow without pump was developed. As first step study, subcooled nitrogen in horizontal tube, instead hydrogen, measured pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 MPa. inlet temperature varied 78 K around its saturation temperature. velocities were 0.1 7 m/s. coefficients non-boiling region...
A number of pressure drop measurements have been carried out at CRPP on single channel Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC's) with two different cabling patterns, using water room temperature. The cables compacted three times to reduce the void fraction in range 25–35%. longitudinal bundle friction factor has deduced from and mass flow rate each stage compaction. experimental results are compared correlations proposed by Katheder [1] others resulting porous media analogy model [2].
This paper is an update of papers written in 1991 and 1997 by Rod Byrns this author concerning estimating the cost refrigeration for superconducting magnets cavities. The actual costs helium refrigerators coolers (escalated to 2007 dollars) are plotted compared a correlation function. A function between at 4.5 K given. capital larger (greater than 10 W K) as 4.5-K cooling. small available 4.2 K. efficiency (percent Carnot) both types also
High frequency operation of a pulse tube cryocooler leads to reduced regenerator volume, which results in heat capacity and faster cooldown time. A operating at 120 Hz an average pressure 3.5 MPa achieved no-load temperature 50 K. The cooling power 80 K was about 3.35 W with time from 285 5.5 minutes, even though the additional thermal mass cold end due flanges, screws, heater, thermometer 4.2 times that regenerator. This fast is two four than typical cryocoolers very attractive many...
The large-scale liquefaction of helium extracted from natural gas is depicted. Based on a block diagram the process chain, starting with pipeline downstream natural-gas plant to final storage liquid helium, explained. Information will be provided about recent experiences during installation and start-up bulk located in Skikda, Algeria, including part-load operation based reduced feed supply. local working ambient conditions are described, challenging logistic problems like shipping receiving...
The NICMOS Cooling System consists of a closed-loop turbo-Brayton cryocooler coupled with cryogenic circulator that provides refrigeration to the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) on Hubble Space Telescope (HST). heat is rejected space through capillary pumped loop connected radiators mounted side telescope. system was deployed integrated by astronauts during STS–109 (Space Shuttle Columbia) in March 2002. It has operated nearly continuously without performance...
The Cooler Subsystem for the Mid InfRared Instrument (MIRI) of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) features a 6 Kelvin Joule-Thomson (JT) cooler pre-cooled by three-stage Pulse Tube (PT) cryocooler to provide 65 mW cooling at instrument. MIRI's load, directly behind primary mirror JWST, is remote from location compressors and pre-cooler. This distance, parasitic heat load on refrigerant lines spanning it, accommodated design. effort during 2006 first part 2007 has focused demonstration MIRI...
Development on low temperature high frequency pulse tube cooler is underway at CEA/SBT. For space applications, it possible to use passive cooling available numerous science mission decrease the no load and enhance power. Based previous experiments performed with in line configurations, an integrated coaxial configuration has been built tested. Temperatures below 15 K without 20 300 mW achieved inertance mode. The simulated by a GM cooler. influence of heat intercept performance presented....
We have measured the thermal conductivity of aerogel beads and glass microspheres at average temperatures ranging from 30 K to 180 K. The measuring device consists two closed, concentric cylinders suspended inside a vacuum insulated cryostat. insulation being tested occupies annular space between cylinders. A single stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler, thermally anchored outer cylinder, cools apparatus desired temperature range. heater mounted on inner cylinder generates uniform heat flux...
Long length vacuum insulated lines are used to carry flowing liquid nitrogen in several high temperature superconducting cable projects. An important, but rare, failure scenario is the abrupt or catastrophic loss of thermal insulating producing a rapid increase heat transfer stream. In this experimental investigation, superinsulated 3 inch by 5 nominal pipe size (NPS) (88.9 mm 141.3 mm) flexible cryostat subjected an order measure response stream and cryostat. The measured outlet has slight...
An approximate design method is presented for the of a single stage Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator. The begins from defined cooling power, operating temperature, average and dynamic pressure, frequency. Using combination phasor analysis, correlations derived extensive use REGEN3.2, few 'rules thumb,' available models inertance tubes, process to define appropriate geometries regenerator, components. In addition, specifications acoustic power phase between pressure flow required...
Fermilab is heavily engaged and making strong technical contributions to the superconducting radio-frequency research development program (SRF R&D). Four major SRF test areas are being constructed enable vertical horizontal cavity testing, as well cryomodule testing. The existing cryogenic infrastructure has been modified service R&D needs. project's first stage successfully completed, which allows for distribution of cryogens a single-cavity using Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF) that houses...
Assembled in 8 continuous segments of approximately 2.7 km length each, the He II cryostats for 1232 cryodipoles and 474 Short Straight Sections (SSS housing quadrupoles) must fulfill tight technical requirements. They have been produced by industry large series according to cost-effective industrial production methods keep expenditure within financial constraints project assembled under contract at CERN.The specific requirements generic systems cryostat (vacuum, cryogenic, electrical...
The superconducting magnet system of the W7-X stellarator requires 7 pairs current leads designed for a maximum 18.2 kA. Special design feature is installation in upside-down orientation, i.e., low temperature end at top and room bottom side. This could lead to problem free convection inside heat exchanger (HEX) due density gradients helium between 4.5 300 K. would higher amount He mass flow rate required cooling. To overcome it was decided use HTS-material. can then be cooled with 50 K...
A total of 44 CERN designed cryogenic electrical feedboxes are needed to power the LHC superconducting magnets. The include more than 1000 circuits fed by high temperature superconductor and conventional current leads ranging from 120 13 kA. In addition providing circuits, they also ensure specific mechanical functions for LHC. paper focuses on main design aspects related production operations gives an overview technologies employed. Results commissioning first sectors presented.
Since the first design of KSTAR helium refrigeration system (HRS) in year 2000, many modifications and changes have been applied due to both optimization improved knowledge cold components. The present specification HRS had fixed on March, 2005. Consequent manufacturing main equipment, such as “Compressor Station” (C/S), “Cold Box” (C/B), “Distribution Box ♯1” (D/B ♯1) was completed by or under supervision Air Liquide DTA end 2006. major components C/S are 2 low high pressure compressor...
The ITER cryo-distribution and cryoline is a part of the in-kind supply for India. design systems in progress. topology torus neutral beam defined as six process pipes along with thermal shield at 80 K outer vacuum jacket. In order to develop confidence concept establish high level engineering manufacturing technology, prototype testing has been proposed. test will be carried out on 1:1 model terms dimension. However, mass flow rate supercritical helium 4.5 gaseous 1:10 scale. designed...