A5043757809- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Structural Analysis and Optimization
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Nuclear physics research studies
- Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
- Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Rocket and propulsion systems research
- Muon and positron interactions and applications
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
- Real-time simulation and control systems
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
2002-2024
Michigan State University
2008-2024
Michigan United
2022
Old Dominion University
2020
Johnson Space Center
2010
Linde (United States)
2010
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2008
Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility
1996
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication
1994
Superconducting Systems (United States)
1994
In 2008, Michigan State University was selected to establish the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Construction of FRIB accelerator completed in January 2022. Phased commissioning with heavy ion beams started 2017 normal-conducting source and radio-frequency quadrupole. April 2021, full driver linear (linac) commissioned, accelerated energies above 200 MeV/nucleon by 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators operating at 2 K 4 liquid-helium cooling. preparation high-power...
Abstract The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) began operation with 1 kW beam power scientific users in May 2022 upon completion of 8 years project construction. ramp-up to the ultimate 400 kW, planned over a 6-year period, will enable facility reach its full potential discovery isotope science and applications. In December 2023, record-high 10.4 uranium was delivered target. Technological developments accelerator improvements are being made entire key ramp-up. Major technological...
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Project has entered the phase of beam commissioning starting from room-temperature front end and superconducting linac segment first 15 cryomodules. With newly commissioned helium refrigeration system supplying 4.5[Formula: see text]K liquid to quarter-wave resonators solenoids, FRIB accelerator team achieved sectional key performance parameters as designed ahead schedule accelerating heavy ion beams above 20[Formula: text]MeV/u energy. Thus,...
The constant pressure ratio process, as implemented in the floating pressure—Ganni cycle, is a new variation to prior cryogenic refrigeration and liquefaction cycle designs that allows for optimal operation design of helium systems. This based upon traditional equipment used system designs, i.e., volume displacement compression critical flow expansion devices. It takes advantage fact given load, expander sets compressor discharge its own suction pressure. not only provides an essentially...
This review paper describes the energy-upgraded Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) accelerator. superconducting linac has achieved 12 GeV beam energy by adding 11 new high-performance cryomodules containing 88 cavities that have operated cw at an average accelerating gradient of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mn>20</a:mn><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mi>MV</a:mi><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mi...
Many of the present day accelerators are based on superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, packaged in cryo-modules (CM), which depend helium refrigeration at sub-atmospheric pressures, nominally 2 K. These specialized systems quite cost intensive to produce and operate. Particularly as there is typically no work extraction below 4.5-K supply, it important that exergy loss between this temperature level CM load temperature(s) be minimized by process configuration choices. This paper...
Nominal 2-K helium refrigeration systems are frequently used for superconducting radio frequency and magnet string technologies in accelerators. This paper examines the trade-offs approximate performance of four basic types processes these technologies; direct vacuum pumping on a bath, using full or partial recovery, cold compression, hybrid compression (i.e., blend warm sub-atmospheric compression).
The planned approach to have a turnkey helium refrigeration system for the MSU-FRIB accelerator system, encompassing design, fabrication, installation and commissioning of 4.5-K refrigerator cold box(es), compression warm gas management, oil removal utility/ancillary systems, was found be cost prohibitive. Following JLab's suggestion, management made formal request evaluate applicability recently designed 12GeV JLab cryogenic this application. following paper will outline findings FRIB system.
Abstract The target and fragment pre-separator segment of the continuous wave heavy ion beam linear accelerator at FRIB consists fourteen superconducting magnets. cryogenic distribution system for these magnets include six process pipes (two each 4.5 K helium, cool-down thermal shield) housed in an approx. 175 m long vacuum jacketed transfer line, along with associated boxes, heat exchanger, utility piping (such as magnet lead flow return, purge gas etc.) a liquid helium storage vessel...
The oil injected screw compressors have practically replaced all other types of in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, minimal vibration, reliability and capability handling helium's high heat compression.At the present state compressor system designs for systems, typically two-thirds lost input power is compression system. Therefore it important understand isothermal volumetric efficiencies these machines help properly design match process. This...
Oil injected screw compressors have essentially superseded all other types of in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, reliability, minimal vibration, and capability handling helium's high heat compression. At the present state compressor system designs for systems, typically two-thirds lost input power is compression system. It important understand isothermal volumetric efficiencies these machines help properly design match process. also identify...
Applications in superconductivity have become widespread, enabled by advancements cryogenic engineering. In this paper, the history of refrigeration, its delivery, preservation and important scientific engineering these areas last 100 years will be reviewed, beginning with small laboratory dewars to very large scale systems. The key technological that development superconducting applications at temperatures from 4 77 K are identified. Included components used up present state-of-the-art...
The Michigan State University Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (MSU-FRIB) helium distribution system has been revised to include bayonet/warm valve type disconnects between each cryomodule and the transfer line system, similar Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator (JLab) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) cryogenic systems. heat loads at various temperature levels some of features in design are outlined. present status, plans fabrication, procurement approach also included.
Analysis of data obtained during the spring 2013 commissioning new 4.5 K refrigeration system at Jefferson Lab (JLab) for 12 GeV upgrade indicated a wide capacity range with good efficiency and minimal operator interaction. Testing also showed that refrigerator required higher liquid nitrogen (LN) consumption its pre-cooler than anticipated by design. This does not affect refrigerator, but it result in an increased LN utility cost. During summer 2015 modifications were implemented cold box...
Abstract At its maximum capacity condition, the 4.5 K refrigerator system for Facility Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) accelerator supports a 180 g/s 30 1.16 bar cold compressor return flow, 14 liquefaction load, 4 kW refrigeration and 20 35-55 shield load. Five additional design conditions, ranging from to stand-by/reduced load state, were specified sizing selection of components. The box is comprised 300-60 vertical that incorporates liquid nitrogen pre-cooler 60-4.5 horizontal housing seven...
Abstract The Michigan State University (MSU) Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) accelerator utilizes six types of cryo-modules that are being installed in three Linac segments the FRIB tunnel. cryomodules contain both superconducting RF cavities and solenoid magnets with 2 K 4.5 refrigeration loads (respectively), magnet lead flow 35-55 shield power coupler intercept loads. first segment (LS-1) fifteen was commissioned at K. Commissioning experiences some salient features cryogenic...
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. cold section of the Linac consists 81 superconducting radio frequency cavities cooled to 2.1K by a 2400 Watt cryogenic refrigeration system. major system components include warm helium compressors with associated oil removal and gas management, 4.5K box, 7000L liquid dewar, box (consisting 4 stages compressors), gaseous storage, purification impurity monitoring system, nitrogen storage distribution...
The new 4.5 K refrigerator system added to the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) for 12 GeV upgrade will double its previous capacity. It includes a cold box and compressor with associated oil removal gas management systems. At maximum capacity condition, this supports an additional 238 g/s 30 1.16 bar return flow, 15 liquefaction load 12.6 kW 35–55 shield load. Five more design conditions, ranging from refrigeration stand-by/reduced state, were specified sizing selection...
It is not uncommon for helium refrigerators using liquid nitrogen (LN) pre‐cooling to exhibit usage significantly higher than estimated by the design. Often this attributed an underperforming 300 80‐K helium‐nitrogen heat exchanger(s) rather helium‐helium exchanger(s), even though return stream(s) exiting cold box at warm (ambient) end are colder design goals. Furthermore, typically there specious emphasis on size of ensure as close ambient temperature possible, presumably reduce LN usage....
Abstract The FRIB cryogenic engineering group designed and built the sub-atmospheric cold box which supports 2 K (31 mbar) operation of accelerator cryo-modules. centrifugal (cold) compressors, with room temperature motors active magnetic bearings, were supplied by Air Liquide to specifications integrated into was on site. preliminary commissioning tests demonstrated that system has achieved all specification goals operating from 110-180 g/s a suction pressure 0.028 mbar, discharge 1.15 bar...