We have used internal photoemission measurements to determine the electrical band gap of microcrystalline p-type layers in a-Si:H alloy solar cells, and edge discontinuities conduction valence bands between μc-Si:H alloys. The ofμc-Si:H is found be around 1.6 eV, at edges are −0.02 0.26 respectively. Use these parameters numerical simulation single-junction cells accurately predict experimental results cell performance.

Significant progress has been made in amorphous silicon (a-Si) alloy solar cells using a spectral-splitting, triple-junction structure which the bandgap of each component cell is designed to absorb different portion spectrum. Key factors leading stable 13% active-area efficiency include: (i) high hydrogen dilution technique during growth intrinsic layers, (ii) employing profiling design for a-SiGe cells, (iii) incorporating appropriate current mismatch (iv) developing microcrystalline doped...

Amorphous silicon alloy has received a great deal of attention as low-cost material for solar cells and modules. The disorder inherent in the creates many defect states that impede carrier transport, major challenge been to improve light-to-electricity conversion efficiency. most successful method growing high quality is by use hydrogen dilution deposition gas mixture which results with improved order. We discuss here various approaches taken device have resulted stable cell module...

ABSTRACT Making of a layered composite using two biopolymer gels with regularly aligned voids in the inner layer is described this article. Calcium alginate constituted layer, within which 500 μm diameter were embedded monolayer or multiple layers fluidic device for bubbling. The chitosan without any additional crosslinker was used to form outer layer. structure enabled compartmentalization drug hold‐up, and differential release rates. These aspects reviewed bovine serum albumin vitamin B 12...

The role of the p layer in formation good quality ‘‘tunnel’’ junctions and its dependence on attainment high efficiency hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloy (a-Si:H) multijunction cells has been investigated. A new technique, namely, evaluation current-voltage characteristics NIPN structure consisting a single-junction n-i-p cell with an overlying doped n layer, developed for determination losses at junction. Using optimized initial conversion 11.4% obtained double junction a-Si:H module...

Abstract In the present investigation, an attempt was made to understand cyclic deformation micromechanism of gas turbine alloy Inconel 718 at 600 °C (i) by conducting low cycle fatigue and creep–fatigue interaction tests (ii) studying microstructure evolution in material during through extensive electron microscopy. Bilinear slope obtained Coffin–Manson plot for all tests, it confirmed transmission microscopic examination that microtwinning predominant mode plastic strain values, whereas...

Summary form only given. Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) has become a promising candidate to replace hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium alloy (a-SiGe:H) in multijunction thin film solar cells due its superior long-wavelength response and stability against light-induced degradation. Due the indirect band gap crystalline silicon, absorbing nc-Si:H layer needs be much thicker than corresponding a-SiGe:H layer. For based commercially viable, greatest challenge is deposit...

The carrier collection losses in amorphous silicon (a-Si) and silicon–germanium (a-SiGe) alloy single-junction nip cells have been experimentally investigated by measuring the biased quantum efficiency color (blue red) fill factor values. study has identified near p/i junction bulk of i layer. extent found to be dependent on quality thickness layer nature n-layer surface. results suggest a broad interrelationship between initial film properties deposition conditions an inhomogeneity direction growth.

We report space qualification testing of lightweight amorphous silicon (a-Si) alloy triple-junction cells and modules in the laboratory also on board MIR station. Triple-junction a-Si solar were made stainless steel using roll-to-roll manufacturing equipment United Solar. Electron bombardment at energies 1 3 MeV up to 2.10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/ proton 20 energy 1.10/sup 12/ cause less than 5% change cell power output. No output was observed after 420 thermal cycles between -170/spl deg/C...

Abstract Voids of 300 µm diameter were embedded uniformly as monolayer in alginate gel film using a fluidic device. these dimensions biopolymer are desired for better transport bioactive species and cell colonization engineered tissues. In this article, the role voids reducing compressive stress, hysteresis, time scale reheal vis-a-vis expulsion pore fluid its reabsorption upon reversal load reviewed. The cyclic loading was conducted with varying amplitude frequency. irreversible changes, if...

Let [Formula: see text] be a weighted oriented graph and denote the corresponding edge ideal. In this paper, we give combinatorial characterization of which has linear resolution. As consequence, prove that if is ideal text], then resolution only all powers have Also, for quotients. We provide lower bound regularity ideals graphs in terms induced matching. Finally, obtain general upper graphs.

A triple-junction amorphous silicon alloy production facility was commissioned by United Solar Systems Corp. in March 1997. The plant has been producing a variety of products for applications ranging from remote power to grid-connected systems. have gone through stringent qualification tests, and are winning recognition customers many outside agencies. In this paper, we discuss the manufacturing issues that were addressed design plant, performance, future plans.

ABSTRACT Alginate gel is known for its potential use in the controlled release of drugs, and as a 3‐D structure tissue harvesting. In this paper, tuning performance alginate by blending gelatin aqueous phase, introducing bubbles regular alignment are discussed. Monodisperse millimetre or submillimeter size were introduced into suspension blend prior to gelation, using novel fluidic arrangement. The CaCl 2 solution, added crosslinker diffused lamella, forming rigid calcium alginate. effective...

A spectral-splitting, triple-junction a-Si alloy solar cell processor has been designed, built and optimized. roll-to-roll process used to deposit two layers of back reflector, a triple-cell structure with nine a-SiGe alloys single layer antireflection coating consecutively on half-a-mile roll stainless steel. The coated web is next slabbed processed make variety products. design the machine processes incorporate several key features developed for improving efficiency. In order reduce...

Although thermal sterilisation is a widely employed industrial process, little work reported in the available literature including patents on mathematical analysis and simulation of these processes. In present work, software packages have been developed for computer aided optimum design Systems involving steam sparging, jacketed heating/cooling, helical coils submerged agitated vessels systems that employ external heat exchangers (double pipe, shell tube plate exchangers) considered. Both...