Abstract Chitin, a polymer of N -acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), functions as major structural component in chitin-containing organism including crustaceans, insects and fungi. Recently, we reported that acidic chitinase (Chia) is highly expressed mouse, chicken pig stomach tissues it can digest chitin the respective gastrointestinal tracts (GIT). In this study, focus on livestock domestic animals show levels Chia mRNA their are governed by feeding behavior. were significantly lower bovine...

Abstract Chitin, a polymer of N -acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), functions as major structural component in crustaceans, insects and fungi is the second most abundant polysaccharide nature. Although these chitin-containing organisms have been suggested novel animal feed resources, chitin has long considered indigestible fibers body. Recently, we reported that acidic chitinase (Chia) protease-resistant glycosidase mouse gastrointestinal tract (GIT) it digests stomach. However, physiological...

Abstract Background Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) has been commonly reported in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but rarely using biomarker-defined samples. It is also unclear whether genetic polymorphisms influence MBI such individuals. We thus aimed to examine the association between cognitive status of participants (amnestic mild (aMCI-AD) vs cognitively normal (CN) older adults) and severity. Within aMCI-AD, we further examined APOE BDNF risk Methods included 62 aMCI-AD 50 CN adults...

We investigated the association between APOE ε4 status and spatial navigation in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) assessed role of hippocampal volume this association.Participants were 74 clinically confirmed aMCI (33 noncarriers, 26 heterozygous, 15 homozygous carriers). Body-centered (egocentric) world-centered (allocentric) a computerized human analogue Morris Water Maze was assessed. Brain MRI subsequent automated volumetry included.Groups similar...

Background KLOTHO -VS heterozygosity ( KL -VSHET) and soluble α-Klotho (sαKl) protein interfere with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, but the specific relationships remain unclear. This study explored these associations across AD continuum, focusing on core biomarkers markers of neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction. Objective We investigated whether 1) -VSHET is associated lower biomarker burden (Aβ 42 , Aβ 42/40 ratio, P-tau181, T-tau) neurodegeneration (NfL);...

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), is major structural component in chitin-containing organism including crustaceans, insects and fungi. Mammals express two chitinases, chitotriosidase (Chit1) acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Here, we report that pig AMCase stable the presence other digestive proteases functions as chitinolytic enzyme under gastrointestinal conditions. Quantification chitinases expression tissues using quantitative real-time PCR showed Chit1 mRNA was...

Abstract Chitin is a polymer of N -acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and main constituent insects’ exoskeleton. Insects are rich in protein with high energy conversion efficiency. Recently, we have reported that acidic chitinases (Chia) act as digestive enzymes mouse, pig chicken (omnivorous) but not dog (carnivorous) bovine (herbivorous), indicating feeding behavior affects Chia expression levels, determines chitin digestibility the particular animals. Common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus )...

Apolipoprotein ( APOE) ɛ4 is a well-known risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but other AD-related gene polymorphisms might also be important, such as the polymorphism within brain-derived neurotrophic BDNF) gene. Carriage of BDNF Val66Met has been associated with faster cognitive decline and greater hippocampal atrophy in cognitively normal elderly. Thus, we examined effects concurrent presence APOE on functions brain morphometry amnestic mild impairment (aMCI) patients....

Abstract Commercially available porcine pepsin preparations have been used for the production of chitooligosaccharides with various biomedical activities. However, origin this activity is not well understood. Here we show that chitosan-degrading conferred by residues chitinolytic truncated forms acidic chitinase (Chia) persisting in preparation. Chia an acid-stable and pepsin-resistant enzyme degrades chitin to produce N -acetyl-D-glucosamine dimer. We found can be under stomach-like...

Variable response after clopidogrel is well documented and may affect major adverse clinical events stroke. Impact of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms an established marker linked to variable clopidogrel. However, the association certain with prediction following stroke still remains controversial, especially in Caucasians.The primary aim was evaluate impact allele *2 heterozygote form on Caucasian poststroke survivors treated The secondary analyze potential link between polymorphism...

Warfarin is commonly used for the treatment and prevention of arterial venous thromboembolism but its use hindered by risk bleeding. The main reason this a narrow therapeutic index wide response variability after warfarin treatment. These shortcomings affect clinical outcomes including bleeding complications may be associated with variant polymorphisms in CYP2C9 VKORC1 genes.It was aim study to assess impact total allele count genes on related treatment.In retrospective cohort-design study,...

Abstract Acidic chitinase (Chia) digests the chitin of insects in omnivorous stomach and activity carnivorous Chia is significantly lower than that enzyme. However, mechanistic evolutionary insights into functional changes remain unclear. Here we show a noninsect-based diet has caused structural during course evolution Carnivora. By creating mouse-dog chimeric proteins modifying amino acid sequences, revealed F214L A216G substitutions led to dog enzyme activation. In 31 Carnivora, was...

Acidic chitinase (Chia) has been implicated in asthma, allergic inflammations, and food processing. We have purified Chia enzymes with striking acid stability protease resistance from chicken pig stomach tissues using a chitin column 8 M urea (urea-Chia). Here, we report that acetic is suitable agent for native purification the (acetic acid-Chia). protein can be eluted 0.1 (pH 2.8), but not by Gly-HCl 2.5) or sodium acetate 4.0 5.5). The melting temperatures of are affected substantially...

Chitotriosidase (Chit1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) have been implicated in food processing various pathophysiological conditions such as chronic inflammatory diseases. By combination of the colorimetric analysis fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) method, we directly compared chitinolytic properties mouse Chit1 AMCase determined their combinatory effects artificial natural chitin substrates processing. display different dynamics through to neutral...

Although spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)/Machado–Joseph disease is the most common of SCA worldwide, we did not identify any cases amongst patients in Czech population. It has been proposed that prevalence large normal alleles correlates with frequency various types SCA. We have therefore attempted to resolve absence SCA3 our population by investigating, within 204 chromosomes, and nature CAG repeats as well two intragenic polymorphisms. found more than 33 were observed at a only 0.49%....

Diet of the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) consists both plants and animals, including chitin-containing organisms such as crabs insects. This omnivorous has a high expression acidic chitinase (CHIA) in stomach here, we report on its enzymatic properties under different conditions. When compared with Mus musculus CHIA (Mm-CHIA), Macaca fascicularis (Mf-CHIA) exhibits higher chitinolytic activity at broad pH (1.0-7.0) temperature (30-70 ℃) range. Interestingly, optimum (5.0),...

Chitotriosidase (Chit1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) have been attracting research interest due to their involvement in various pathological conditions such as Gaucher's disease asthma, respectively. Both enzymes are highly expressed mice, while the level of AMCase mRNA was low human tissues. In addition, chitinolytic activity recombinant significantly lower than that mouse counterpart. Here, we revealed a substantially higher transglycosylation Chit1 against artificial natural...