Silicon waveguide bends are key components that affect the packing density and scalability of photonic integrated circuits. Traditional bend design methods rely on well-established functions such as Euler spirals or Bezier curves, which have limited parameter spaces, limiting discovery compact with higher performance. Here, we propose a general approach to design. For given radius, our method uses cubic spline interpolation an inverse algorithm obtain optimal geometry support number modes....

Inverse design algorithms for nanophotonic devices have been extensively investigated, leading to the realization of multifunctional devices. Some these can only handle structures with continuous refractive index distribution. Others either require extensive manual intervention tune associated parameters, or tend produce locally optimal solutions. To mitigate problems, we propose an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm similar complexity traditional PSO and less intervention,...

Abstract Optical phased arrays (OPAs) hold significant promise for low-cost, solid-state beam steering in LiDAR and free-space optical (FSO) communications. The field of view (FOV) is one the key performance metrics OPA both transmitting (Tx) receiving (Rx). Currently, people tend to use same design Tx Rx parts under hypothesis reciprocity. In fact, antennas typically generate well-controlled near-field profiles, whereas apertures encounter randomly distributed incident waves due...

In this Letter, a novel "stepped particle swarm optimization" (SPSO) based on field intensity adjustment is proposed. After that, we used algorithm to design sub-wavelength converging grating that could be integrated with the detector back. Firstly, advantages of reverse in process two-dimensional or multi-element pattern were summarized by comparing theory forward and design. Then, common "particle (PSO) our proposal compared process; found strength at focal point obtained improved was...

We report a 4-channel wavelength selective switch (WSS) with four second-order micro-ring resonators (MRRs). Each MRR has flat-top spectrum and are tuned two micro-heaters. The WSS exhibits 3dB bandwidth of ~75 GHz extinction ratios around 10 dB 22 dB, respectively, at the through drop ports.

In this letter, we propose a broadband achromatic metalens that exhibits high focusing efficiency within the wavelength range of 1270–2070 nm and is insensitive to polarization. Within operating range, displays focal length shift only <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 0.5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> excellent properties. The average 56%, with maximum 70.7%. Compare no...

The Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical switch is a fundamental component in constructing photonic integrated circuits for broadband signal routing. Its performance mainly determined by the 2 × coupler and phase shifter. We analyze influence of imbalances power splitting arm loss on insertion crosstalk single-stage MZI switch. A multimode interference (MMI) with low excess (&lt; 0.14 dB) imbalance 0.13 over 40 nm proposed. show robustness MMI to width variations up ± nm. Folded...

The Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical switch is a fundamental component in constructing photonic integrated circuits for broadband signal routing. Its performance mainly determined by the 2 × coupler and phase shifter. We analyze influence of imbalances power splitting arm loss on insertion crosstalk single-stage MZI switch. A multimode interference (MMI) with low excess (&lt; 0.14 dB) imbalance 0.13 over 40 nm proposed. show robustness MMI to width variations up ± nm. Folded...

The accurate determination of the effective and group refractive indices (n

We report a method for the extraction of group refractive index and its tem-perature dependence using single ring resonator. verify feasibility determine thermo-optic coefficient n g to be 3 × 10 − 4 .

We report a method for estimating the cross-sectional dimension of silicon waveguides. It is based on effective refractive index data extracted from spectra two racetrack resonators with different perimeters.

The cross talk and power consumption of the 2 × optical switch is a key metric in design large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs). We build theoretical model Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch, taking into account both imbalances arm loss coupler splitting ratio. ratio imbalance requirement for given summarized, which provides guideline design. A multimode interference (MMI) with low excess (&lt;0.14 dB) (&lt;0.13 over C-band given. Its robustness to width variations up ±40 nm...

Microwave photonics (MWP) applications often require a high optical input power (&gt;100 mW) to achieve an optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, conventional silicon spot-size converters (SSCs) are susceptible due the two-photon absorption (TPA) effect. To overcome this, we introduce nitride (SiN) SSC fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. When coupled tapered fiber with 4.5 μm mode field diameter (MFD), device exhibits low coupling losses of &lt;0.9 dB for TE modes and...

We present a wavelength selective switch (WSS) that is based on two Vernier 2nd-order microring resonators (MRRs). Each MRR has racetrack cavities with perimeters of 78.8 $\mu$m and 105.2 $\mu$m, respectively, producing free spectral range around 22 nm. The WSS exhibits 3dB bandwidth 85 GHz an extinction ratio 10 dB.

We present the extraction of group refractive index a silicon waveguide $450 \mathrm{~nm} \times 220 \mathrm{~nm}$ with slab 70 nm using spectral responses two racetrack resonators perimeters $405.66 \mu \mathrm{m}$ and $505.66 \mathrm{m}$, respectively. assume cubic polynomial relation between effective wavelength. An analytic expression for indexes both straight bend waveguides can be obtained measured spectra. The calculated $n_{\mathrm{g}}$ at 1550 is 3.922. This method offers simple...

We present a silicon dual-mode waveguide bend with width of 900nm and an effective radius $3\mu \mathrm{m}$, which exhibits low-loss low-crosstalk characteristics. A self-adapted particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed to design the structure, can generate optimal structure minimal intervention. The device fabricated using electron beam lithography. measured insertion losses for TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

We report the design of two polarization-insensitive $1 \times 2$ power dividers on SOI with 220nm top silicon. The multimode interference coupler is within 4 $\mu \mathrm{m} 140 \mu \mathrm{m}$. For type I device, excess losses for both TE and TM modes at 1550 nm are $\lt 0.1$ dB. II 0.55$ dB over C band. also analyze their performance deteriorations due to ±20 fabrication errors in width.

In this paper, we propose an broadband planar metalens that exhibits efficient operation within the wavelength range of 1270 to 2000nm and is insensitive polarization. Compare with no metalens, can enhance transmissivity incident light by approximately 10%. operational range, average focusing efficiency 56%, a maximum 70.7%. And full width at half (FWHM) structure 0.5526µm. design process, new inverse algorithm better suited for nanophotonic device design. The concept behind has significant...

A silicon waveguide bend with a width of 900nm and an effective radius 3µm is proposed, which supports both TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> modes while maintaining low insertion loss crosstalk. An adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm proposed for the design, enabling automated generation optimal structures minimal human intervention. The device fabricated...

We report a variable optical attenuator (VOA) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with folded silicon waveguides and TiW heaters to improve the thermal efficiency. The measured extinction ratio of device is around 20.4 dB power consumption 10.2 mW. rise fall times are 17.2 μs 17.55 μs, respectively.

In this paper, we propose a new "stepped particle swarm optimization"(SPSO) for the reverse design of nanophotonic devices. Compared with traditional "particle optimization"(PSO), method has fast-rising speed, is easy to jump out local extrema, and wide range application prospects. It can break through limitations brought by PSO obtain better device performance. Also, SPSO be used in structural large number optoelectronic devices, such as grating couplers, wavelength division multiplexers,...

We propose the characteristic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) for inverse design of nanophotonic devices. Compared with traditional PSO algorithm, proposed method has fewer variables and thus a faster rise speed. It can break through limitations brought by algorithm to obtain better device performance. verify feasibility CPSO silicon-on-insulator grating coupler. The is suitable devices large parameter space.