Efficient biogas production significantly impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration by reducing enhancing storage. Nonetheless, the consistency optimization of are hindered fluctuations in key input variables, namely, pH, moisture content, organic loading rate (OLR), temperature, which impact quality agricultural waste biomass production. Any these variables can affect productivity. This study aims to provide valuable parameters for maximum using rice straw cow dung as...

Continuous counter-current extraction is a type of liquid-liquid that utilizes vertical column to remove impurities from raw materials by bringing them into contact with solvent. In this study, crude palm oil (CPO) used as the material and ethanol solvent clean CPO. The output produced process safe cooking CPO mixed ethanol. can be reused for separating it using distillation process. low boiling point allows evaporate condense back liquid condenser. For condensed have room temperature,...

An integral aspect of sustainable agriculture involves the implementation a meticulously planned waste management infrastructure. One strategy to achieve this objective is utilization agricultural waste, specifically in form biomass, generate energy such as biogas. This study aims provide valuable prediction model for biogas production with many variables which influenced. The identifies four variables, namely pH, moisture content, Organic Loading Rate (OLR) and temperature significantly...

Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) adalah pupuk organik yang bentuknya cair, mudah larut, berisi satu atau lebih pembawa unsur dibutuhkan tanaman. POC memiliki sifat diserap tanah dan tanaman jika dibandingkan dengan padat. Namun, proses pembuatan masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga waktu lama untuk memanen sudah matang. Kebijakan berkurangnya subsidi dari pemerintah menyebabkan dibutuhkannya teknologi mesin fermentator kontrol otomatis dapat mengontrol fermentasi bahan cair menjadi panen tidak...

Distillation process consume huge energy hence one of the method for reducing it is by applying Petlyuk configuration. In design stage, important thing minimum number trays. this paper, four methods configuration were compared i.e. short-cut method, modified using Winn equation, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) approach and proposed that incoorporated Duelist Algorithm Optimization (DAO) VLE approach. was performed techno economic consideration. The objective minimizing total annual cost...

The viscometer is a system measuring the viscosity value of liquid substance. function this instrument used to analyze level particular product so that it easy know quality fluid viscosity. In research, two methods were conducted, namely simulation and experimentation. Simulations conducted using Simulink Matlab while experiments by designing instruments rotary method or commonly known as rotational viscometer. This tool uses sensors namely, rpm sensor measure dc motor current voltage from...

Permasalahan utama dari proses pembuatan minuman sari jagung yang ada di UD Samara Mart Surabaya adalah tidak tepatnya suhu dan lamapemanasan diinginkan. Pada perebusan biji (pemanasan pertama) seharusnya uap air didalam tangki dipertahankan 110 oC selama 2 (dua) jam, sedangkan pada kedua) 100 dengan waktu 1 jam. Kondisi ini seringkali terjadi karena pengamatan pengaturan dilakukan secara manual. gilirannya produktifitas masih rendah (130 botol/hari). Oleh itu diperlukan sistem otomasi...

Biogas is made from the anaerobic process, which methane (CH4) as a primary element with some other elements. The composition of biogas in experiment still contains H2S gas pollutants by 41,76 ppm. amount content can reduce CH4 composition, so it has lot efforts to biogas. One them used water scrubber system, but system always changed according temperature ambient. It cause inconsistency quality, reduction changed. Another study showed that speed flow 5.5 11 liters / min and 10-25 °C, up 4.5...

Currently, biogas as an alternative fuel has been widely used in the community, including lamps and stoves.There a surplus of some production regions due to relatively small need for fuel.So that most users utilize become generator fuel.Yet, application there is drawback, namely instability electric power generated per unit time.This caused by not achieving optimal water-fuel ratio because volume from reactor fluctuating based on raw material, such processed cow dung.Therefore, control...

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Biogas, an eco-friendly energy source, significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions by converting organic waste or biomass into methane. However, the quality of biogas, primarily determined methane content and pressure variables, directly impacts its efficiency safety. This study, which aims to design a control system monitor levels in biogas reactor using PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), provides crucial insights improving production Tests were conducted on fixed...

Motor vehicles in general are still much the rest of energy is wasted when operated. One kinetic existing at time braking vehicle. The more vehicle during running, greater potential that can be generated, so conservation system applied to these conditions. Currently there has been some hybrid realize systems, one which Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS). KERS method widely used car, while applications on two-wheel motor limited mechanical efficiency relatively low. So this study will...

Biogas is a renewable energy potential to be developed in Indonesia. It based on the increase number of household-scale biogas reactor. But reactors currently installed still not equipped with purification system integrated storage tank system. Storage purified tube required extend range use some areas that have been using as an alternative source. systems require control could mechanism accordance maximum capacity used. This uses sensor components MPX5700AP and Arduino microcontroller, LCD...

Absorption of H2S is one the important part in biogas purification.. This process requires a purification system to reduce content harmful gas. The maximum tolerance for generator set input 5 ppm, while measured cow manure has concentration range from 43 45.5 ppm. Therefore, it needs proper optimization design represent performance system. Particle Swarm Optimization refers identifying best element (according or more user-specified criteria) among possible alternatives. In this research, we...

Biogas is a gas from decomposition of organic substances such as rotting leaves and cow dung in anaerobic conditions. Forming component biogas composed methane (CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> ), carbon dioxide (CO xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> hydrogen sulfide (H S), ammonia (NH xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) (H2), nitrogen (N2), monoxide (CO) oxygen (O ). However, some...

Abstract Generator set is a tool that used to generate energy or electrical power. The electric power generated by the generator supply loads in this thesis lamp. Power can be produced ranged between 100-1200 watt. influenced mixture ofair and fuel. dual fuel set. From results of study, stable response with overshoot value below 0% its error 2%. In addition, best obtained Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) 15.06, Furthermore, stability also flowrate mass injected into combustion chamber. simulation when...

Glass is a widely used material today. One of them as window building. As the easily broken, glass very vulnerable in cleaning process. This causes process cannot be done carelessly. To overcome these problems, one to replace work by humans with machines or robots. The robot was created cleaner replacing conventional workforce. most important elements operation robots distance control system against edges using proximity sensors. At 35 cm, sensor will send signal back microcontroller and...

Pembangunan di Surabaya sangatlah cepat. Terdapat 105 gedung bertingkat yang pada perawatan kacanya menggunakan tenaga pembersih konvensional. Hal ini menyebabkan banyaknya kecelakaan kerja diakibatkan oleh ketinggian gedung. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, salah satu solusi bisa dilakukan adalah contohnya mengganti konvensional dengan mesin, seperti robot kaca. Robot kaca cairan dan kain atau disebut claner. Penggunaan cleaner dicatat untuk mendapatkan data hasil penggunaan pembersih. Proses...

Herbs are herbal medicines produced from traditional plants such as ginger, turmeric, meet comedy, and others. In Indonesia itself has a wealth of remedies various tribes spread in regions. Research showing that 49.53% Indonesia's population uses good medicine to borrow for health care because illness. Residents who consume many 95.6% stated enjoy the drinking medicine. Survey also shows people use medicine, 55.3% liquid form, while rest (44.7%) is consumed herbs form powder, pills, capsules...

Inverter is one of the primary components a distributed electric power plants that serve as modifiers DC voltage into AC. In this research applied Sliding Mode Control on Buck Boost One phase with Buffer Inductor. Open Loop test source 60 Volts, generate graphics output in form sinusoidal wave maximum amplitude about 400 volts. Closed test, graph can be controlled to follow set point SMC control method order 2, and resulting value Error Steady State smallest at 300 Volt, which amounted...

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas that highly toxic, colorless, and heavier than air heavy with the kind of 1,152 kg/m3. The type weight resulted in H2S at bottom make it easy wafted by human senses. presences gas, often encounter process exploration drilling for natural petroleum refining. Therefore, it's necessary to build system design leak solution oil industry. Thus, can maintain security environment resources industrial area. mixing concept individual well water scrubber method generate...