Abstract Formation of partially reproductively isolated ecotypes in the rough periwinkle, Littorina saxatilis , may be a case incipient nonallopatric ecological speciation. To better understand dynamics ecotype formation, its timescale, driving forces and evolutionary consequences, we developed spatially explicit, individual‐based model incorporating relevant ecological, spatial mate selection data for Swedish L. . We explore impact bounded hybrid superiority, scenarios systems on gene flow...

Social order and unity require consensus among individuals about cooperation other issues. Boolean network models (BN) help to explain the role played by peer interactions in emergence of consensus. BN represent a society as which are nodes (with two states, e.g. agree/disagree) social relationships edges. highlight influence on cooperation, contrast models, such prisoner's dilemma, that focus individual strategies. In behavior emerges from differs subtle, but important ways equivalent...

A primary motivation for our research in Digital Ecosystems is the desire to exploit self-organising properties of biological ecosystems. are thought be robust, scalable architectures that can automatically solve complex, dynamic problems. However, processes contribute these have not been made explicit research. Here, we discuss how features ecosystems, including population dynamics, evolution, a complex environment, and spatial distributions generating local interactions. The potential...

Coordinated pair bonds are common in birds and also occur many other taxa. How do animals solve the social dilemmas they face coordinating with a partner? We developed an evolutionary model to explore this question, based on observations that a) neuroendocrine feedback provides emotional bookkeeping which is thought play key role vertebrate b) these maintained via courtship interactions include low-stakes dilemmas. Using agent-based simulation, we found sustained cooperation iterated...

An individual-based model consisting of two dioecious populations in a two-dimensional environmental grid was constructed. Each population began with, and never exceeded, 1000 individuals; extinction allowed. Genomes 30 biallelic loci for male sexual advertisement call, female mate preference, origin were constructed, lineages each individual the starting followed 2000 generations. Type level hybrid disadvantage, initial distribution, patchiness resources, choice varied. Persistence bimodal...

Abstract An individual-based model consisting of two dioecious populations in a two-dimensional environmental grid was constructed. Each population began with, and never exceeded, 1000 individuals; extinction allowed. Genomes 30 biallelic loci for male sexual advertisement call, female mate preference, origin were constructed, lineages each individual the starting followed 2000 generations. Type level hybrid disadvantage, initial distribution, patchiness resources, choice varied. Persistence...

A primary motivation for research in Digital Ecosystems is the desire to exploit self-organising properties of natural ecosystems. arc thought be robust, scalable architectures that can automatically solve complex, dynamic problems. However, biological processes contribute these have not been made explicit Ecosystem research. Here, we introduce how features These include populations evolving agents, a complex environment, and spatial distributions which generate local interactions. The...

Abstract The negative correlation between the time individuals spend scanning environment for predators and group size is usually explained by benefit of corporate vigilance. However, this may be additionally in terms ‘dilution effect’ ‘selfish herd geometry’. Our experimental investigation behaviour free‐living spotted turtle doves foraging at different shaped feeders revealed that flock geometry influenced individual rates. spent declined with less rapidly among birds linear flocks than...

Punishment offers a powerful mechanism for the maintenance of cooperation in human and animal societies, but costly punishment itself remains problematic. Game theory has shown that corruption, where punishers can defect without being punished themselves, may sustain cooperation. However, many societies some insect ones, high levels coexist with low such show greater wellbeing than corruption. Here we small payments from cooperators to destabilize corrupt lead spread corruption...

We introduce the phenomenon of rapid self-organized criticality (RSOC) and show that, like some models (SOC), RSOC generates scale-invariant event distributions 1/f noise. Unlike SOC, however, persists despite more than an order magnitude variation in driving rate displays extremely thick dynamic branching geometry. Starting with initial set parameter values, we perform two numerical experiments which nonequilibrium systems are tuned towards their critical points. The approach to state is...