The phenomenal growth of mobile data demand has brought about increasing scarcity in available radio spectrum. Meanwhile, customers pay more attention to their own experience, especially communication reliability and service continuity on the move. To address these issues, LTE-Unlicensed, or LTEU, is considered one latest groundbreaking innovations provide high performance seamless user experience under a unified technology by extending LTE readily unlicensed In this article, we offer...

Feedback is used primarily for reducing the effects of plant uncertainty on performance control systems, and as such understanding following questions fundamental importance: How much can be dealt with by feedback? What are limitations does feedback depend quantitatively system uncertainty? capability enhanced if a priori information about structure available? As starting point toward answering these questions, typical class first-order discrete-time dynamical systems both unknown nonlinear...

The advances in broadband Internet access and scalable video technologies have made it possible for Protocol television (IPTV) to become the next killer application modern carriers metropolitan areas. With recent release of IEEE 802.16d/e (worldwide interoperability microwave or WiMAX), wireless (BWA) is envisioned further extend IPTV services a new scenario with mobility dimensions. It very strategic but challenging leverage carrier glimpse potential by using WiMAX as network. Challenges...

Auxin response factors (ARFs) are an important family of proteins in auxin-mediated response, with key roles various physiological and biochemical processes. To date, a genome-wide overview the ARF gene citrus was not available. A systematic analysis this begun by carrying out search for homologs ARFs. total 19 nonredundant genes (CiARF) were found validated from sweet orange. comprehensive CiARFs undertaken, including structures, phylogenetic analysis, chromosome locations, conserved motifs...

With the technique of random binning, idea network coding is extended and applied to multiuser channel problems. Specially, a two-way relay three-way broadcast are considered in this paper, corresponding achievable rate regions determined.

Wireless networks with a minimum inter-node separation distance are studied where the signal attenuation grows in magnitude as 1/ρ/sup δ/ ρ. Two performance measures of wireless analyzed. The transport capacity is supremum total distance-rate products that can be supported by network. energy cost information infimum ratio transmission energies used all nodes to number bit-meters thereby transported. If phases attenuations between node pairs uniformly and independently distributed, it shown...

To make the WiMAX Point-to-Multi-Point (PMP) systems more competitive and applicable to future metropolitan area networking scenarios, deploying relay stations (RSs) as defined in IEEE 802.16j has been considered a promising solution that can replace 802.16e mesh mode for coverage extension throughput enhancement. In this paper, we are committed tackle task of RS placement time allocation Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR) networks, order meet uneven distributed traffic demand each subscriber...

In this paper, we propose a spectrum allocation framework that jointly considers the Quality-of-Service (QoS) provisioning for heterogeneous secondary Real-Time (RT) and Non-Real Time (NRT) users, sensing, access decision, channel allocation, call admission control in distributed cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). Giving priority to RT users with QoS requirements terms of dropping blocking probabilities, number identified available channels are allocated optimum can be admitted...

To satisfy the stringent requirement of capacity enhancement in wireless networks, cooperative relaying is envisioned as one most effective solutions. In this paper, we study problem by way Relay Stations (RSs) placement to achieve an efficient and scalable design broadband access networks. fully exploit performance benefits relaying, develop optimization framework maximize well meet minimal traffic demand each Subscriber Station (SS). specific, joint RS bandwidth allocation formulated into...

In the classical compress-and-forward relay scheme developed by Cover and El Gamal, decoding process operates in a successive way: destination first decodes compression of relay's observation then original message source. Recently, several modified schemes were proposed, where jointly message, instead successively. Such modification on was motivated realizing that it is generally easier to decode with more importantly, can be decoded even without completely compression. Thus, joint provides...

This paper investigates quality of service (QoS) provisioning for Internet Things (IoT) in long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with partial spectrum usage (PSU). In HetNets, the IoT users ubiquitous mobility support or low-rate services requirement can connect macrocells (MCells), while femtocells (FCells) PSU mechanism be deployed to serve requiring high-data-rate transmissions within small coverage. Despite great potentials HetNets supporting various...

Networks with multiple source–destination pairs, involving possibly multicast, and where there are nodes that can serve as potential relay nodes, considered. A multisource, multirelay coding scheme is developed. In this scheme, each source's information sent to its destination via a route, the routes operating concurrently even when they intersect other, in same spirit code-division access (CDMA). It found generalization sources, backward decoding achieves higher rates than sliding-window...

For a wireless network with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> nodes distributed in an area xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> , and source-destination pairs communicating each other at some common rate, the hierarchical cooperation scheme proposed (Ozgur, Leveque, Tse, 2007) is analyzed optimized by choosing number of stages corresponding cluster sizes that maximize total throughput. It turns out increasing does...

This paper considers an LTE-Advanced cooperative cellular network where a Type II relay station (RS) is deployed to enhance the cell-edge throughput and extend coverage area. To better exploit existing resources, RS eNodeB (eNB) transmit in same channel (In-Band) with decode-and-forward relaying strategy. For such network, this proposes joint Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier power allocation schemes optimize downlink multi-user transmission efficiency. Firstly,...

In this paper, we analyze the user accommodation capabilities of LTE-A systems with carrier aggregation for LTE users and users, respectively. The adopted performance metric is equivalent capacity (EC), defined as maximum number allowed in system given QoS requirements. Specifically, both are divided into heterogeneous classes different requirements, traffic characteristics bandwidth weights. Two allocation strategies studied, i.e., fixed-weight strategy cognitive-weight strategy, where...

In this paper, a new MAC protocol for LTE over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) is presented that allows friendly co-existence of LTE-U with other wireless networks, including Wi-Fi. Specifically, in time-slotted system, LTE- U users can transmit continuously period after successful channel reservation during the sensing period. Following each transmission period, certain duration reserved asynchronous Wi-Fi transmissions. By adaptively adjusting periods transmissions, and sensing, different...

A particular polynomial is introduced which can be used to determine under what conditions a typical class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with uncertainties in both parameters and noises not stabilizable by feedback, thus demonstrating the fundamental limitations adaptive control. As consequence, it shown that for unknown noises, may indeed nonstabilizable, general, whenever usual linear growth condition relaxed number large, even though corresponding noise-free are globally stabilizable.

The spectrum scarcity has led to rethink in the current frequency usage and develop a new concept of wireless networking. Opportunistic Spectrum Networks (OSNs) have been considered as promising solution problem shortage. In this paper, order compensate for need complex hardware, novel efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) framework that integrates kind cooperative sensing method at physical layer into MAC protocol is developed distributed OSNs considering requirements both primary secondary...

We consider the discrete memoryless symmetric primitive relay channel, where, a source <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wants to send information destination notation="LaTeX">$Y$ with help of notation="LaTeX">$Z$ and can communicate via an error-free digital link rate notation="LaTeX">$R_{0}$ , while are conditionally independent identically distributed given...

Expressions for the variance of an estimated frequency function are necessary many issues in model validation and experiment design. A general result is that a simple expression this can be obtained asymptotically as order tends to infinity. This shows inversely proportional signal-to-noise ratio by frequency. Still, low models actual may quite different. We derive exact variance, which not asymptotic order. applies restricted class models: AR-models, well fixed pole with polynomial noise...

We propose an achievable rate region for the two- way two-relay channel using decode-and-forward block Markovian coding. A previous attempt to obtain this network encountered a fundamental deadlock problem in which each relay needed decode before other enable mutual assistance. In paper, is resolved by introducing additional constraint that ensures some can at least one source relay. The resulting extension of existing results single-relay channel.

In this paper, we study the resource allocation in a device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying green cellular network, where base station (BS) is powered by sustainable energy. Our objective to enhance network sustainability and efficiency introducing power control cooperative communication. Specifically, propose optimal adaptation schemes maximize under two practical constraints. We then take dynamics of charging discharging processes energy buffer into consideration ensure...

This paper studies the achievable rate and power allocation to improve uplink (UL) spectrum efficiency in a Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) cooperative cellular network with deployment of Type-II in-band decode-and-forward (DF) relay stations (RSs). The physical-layer UL transmission technology is based on single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) frequency-domain equalization (FDE). Different from downlink (DL) orthogonal FDMA system, signals all subcarriers SC-FDMA...