The complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region foot and mouth disease virus RNA (strain A1061) is presented. extends from primary initiation site, approximately 1200 5' end genome, in an open translational reading frame 6,999 nucleotides to a termination codon 93 3' terminal poly (A). Available amino acid data correlates with that predicted sequence. around cleavage sites polyprotein shows no consistency, although number virus-coded protease are between glutamate glycine residues.

The proviral genome of the 32H reisolate simian immunodeficiency macaques (SIVmac32H) has been cloned and sequenced. Including both long terminal repeats, it is 10277 base pairs in length contains open reading frames for all known SIV genes (gag, pol, vif, vpx, vpr, tat, rev, env nef). This first report an infectious SIVmac molecular clone which no premature termination codons. Three clones SIVmac32H have constructed differing sequence only within their last 1.2 kb. Two clones,...

Translation of the foot and mouth disease virus genome in vitro vivo indicated that all seven serotypes initiate protein synthesis at two separate AUGs. Sequence analysis region surrounding these AUGs has shown efficiency with which initiating AUG is recognized dependent on flanking nucleotides. However, vitro, major factor determining used concentration Mg2+.

Epitopes of strain A22 Iraq 24/64 foot-and-mouth disease virus have been mapped with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Three methods were used: (i) an indirect ELISA using overlapping set peptides, (ii) production neutralization escape variants against each MAb and (iii) sequencing variants. The study has shown that the at least three liner neutralizing epitopes within a major antigenic site on VP1. presence second, conformational was demonstrated but its position particle not located. Synthetic...

The nucleotide sequence of the 5' untranslated region foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), serotype A10 has been determined. This completes first total genomic for any one FMDV. Analysis to 3' side poly (C) tract reveals presence a 24 repeated motif which homologies with located upstream transcriptional initiation site from several mammalian fibrinogen genes. function this element in FMDV is unclear. However, computer analysis predicts high degree secondary tertiary structure these repeats...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) A22 Iraq 24/64 adapted to grow in BHK monolayer cells induced antibodies which neutralized many isolates belonging the A serotype. Plaque-purified isolated from this stock also broadly reactive antibodies, showing that property is not due combined response a mixture of variants original virus. However, viruses obtained by passage suspension either cell-adapted or cloned resulted selection with highly specific neutralizing activity. In addition their...

Typically, the translation of eukaryotic mRNAs into protein is initiated at a single site. However, we have recently shown that not one but two primary products, P20a and P16, are translated from 5' end coding region genome foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this paper show by partial protease digestion these proteins they differ only their N termini, thus confirming presence initiation sites for FMDV RNA. Sequence analysis subtypes (A10 A12) confirms initiator AUG codons in expected...

The immunogenicity of a 19 amino acid peptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus has previously been shown to approach that the inactivated which it was derived after multimeric particulate presentation as an N-terminal fusion with hepatitis B core antigen. In this report we demonstrate rhinovirus peptide-hepatitis antigen proteins are 10-fold more immunogenic than coupled keyhole limpet hemocyanin and 100-fold uncoupled added helper T-cell epitope. can be readily administered without...

A replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (RAd), RAdCMV-CE1, containing core and E1 genes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was constructed. RAdCMV-CE1 able to express proteins both in mice human cells. Immunization BALB/c with induced a specific cytotoxic T-cell response against the two HCV proteins. This characterized using panel 60 synthetic 14- or 15-mer overlapping peptides (10 amino-acid overlap) spanning entire sequence these Five main epitopes were found protein, four which had been...

Summary Recombinant DNA clones were constructed in order to study the mechanisms of proteolytic processing and assembly foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). RNA transcripts from these synthesized using SP6 polymerase translated rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Efficient translation occurred absence all 5′ untranslated sequences structural proteins presence functional 3C protease which can function trans. The specificity activity is not limited Glu-Gly bonds. Translation correctly processed leads...

We recently reported the enhanced immunogenicity of a peptide epitope when it was presented as fusion protein with hepatitis B core antigen. In those experiments expressed in vaccinia virus. have now refined system so that large amounts highly immunogenic particles can be produced using simple bacterial expression system. describe three different viral epitopes chimeric induce good antibody responses to each after one dose low Finally we demonstrate is reflection both T helper cell sites...

Biofilament-motor protein complexes are ubiquitous in biology and drive the transport of cargo vital for many fundamental life processes at cellular level. As they move, motor proteins exert compressive forces on filaments to which attached. If filament is clamped or tethered some way, this force leads buckling a subsequent range dynamics. The follower model, single imposed tip, simple model that becoming widely used describe an elastic filament, such as microtubule, compressed by protein....

Fourteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing human rhinovirus (HRV) type 2 have been used to select a total of 51 virus escape mutants. Cross-resistance analysis the mutants, together with RNA sequencing and identification amino acid substitutions, revealed three neutralization sites on surface. Two these appear correspond NIm-IA NIm-II described for HRV-type 14, although there are also substantial differences. The third site has not previously.

Synthetic peptides corresponding to six predicted immunogenic sites on human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) have been tested for their reactivity with an anti-virion antibody and ability elicit neutralizing antibody. Four of the reacted HRV2 antiserum in indirect ELISA. Rabbit antisera produced three these four peptides, one each from VP1, VP2 VP3, virus ELISA proteins by Western blotting. Furthermore, designed cover neutralization epitope NIm-II VP2, not only well a sandwich immunoprecipitation...

The protease activity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protein has been investigated using transient expression methods in mammalian cells, as well vitro transcription/translation systems. We confirmed that NS3-5 polyprotein rabbit reticulocyte lysates results efficient cis processing at NS3/NS4 junction. However, other predicted sites NS3-mediated cleavage varied markedly efficiency, site most susceptible being between NS5A and NS5B. Time-course analysis proteolytic HCV non-structural...

Antibodies to a synthetic peptide corresponding the 141 160 amino acid sequence of protein VP1 type O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) neutralize wider range isolates than anti-virion serum. Extending this at terminus reduced number strains neutralized by antipeptide sera. Reactions with antisera peptides representing non-contiguous native sequences showed that it was also possible increase effectively neutralized. Selected substitutions single position 148 markedly altered neutralizing...

Translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate for short time intervals resulted the production peptides P20a , P16, and P88 (Lab, Lb, P1) (R. R. Rueckert Recommendations 3rd European Study Group on Molecular Biology Picornavirus, Urbino Italy, 1983). If further translation was prevented, structural protein precursor not cleaved, even after prolonged incubation. This result indicates that mechanism cleavage between -P16 P52 (P2) differs from secondary...