It has become fairly standard in the programming-languages research world to verify functional programs proof assistants using induction, algebraic simplification, and rewriting. In this paper, we introduce Kami, a Coq library that enables similar expressive modular reasoning for hardware designs expressed style of Bluespec language. We can specify, implement, realistic entirely within Coq, ending with automatic extraction into pipeline bottoms out FPGAs. Our methodology, labeled transition...

The ligands for many olfactory receptors remain largely unknown despite successful heterologous expression of these receptors. Understanding the molecular receptive range and deciphering recognition code are hampered by huge number odorants large receptors, as well complexity their combinatorial coding. Here, we present an in silico screening approach to find additional a mouse receptor that allows improved definition its range. A virtual library 574 was screened against MOR42-3. We selected...

Using density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations, we predict shock Hugoniot curves of precompressed methane up to 75000 K for initial densities ranging from 0.35 0.70 g/cc. At 4000 K, observe the transformation into a metallic, polymeric state consisting long hydrocarbon chains. These chains persist when sample is quenched 300 leading an increase in compression. 6000 transforms plasma composed many, short-lived chemical species. We conclude by discussing implications interiors...

Modern probabilistic programming languages aim to formalize and automate key aspects of modeling inference. Many provide constructs for programmable inference that enable developers improve speed accuracy by tailoring an algorithm use with a particular model or dataset. Unfortunately, it is easy these write unsound programs appear run correctly but produce incorrect results. To address this problem, we present denotational semantics in higher-order languages, along type system ensures...

Algorithms for solid modeling, i.e., Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and computer graphics, are often specified on real numbers then implemented with finite-precision arithmetic, such as floating-point. The result is that these implementations do not soundly compute the results expected from their specifications. We present a new library, StoneWorks, provides sound robust modeling primitives. implement StoneWorks in MarshallB, pure functional programming language exact arithmetic which types...

Synchronous modeling is at the heart of programming languages like Lustre, Esterel, or Scade used routinely for implementing safety critical control software, e.g., fly-by-wire and engine in planes. However, to date these have had limited modern support uncertainty --- probabilistic aspects software's environment behavior even though a primary activity when designing system.

Deep learning is moving towards increasingly sophisticated optimization objectives that employ higher-order functions, such as integration, continuous optimization, and root-finding. Since differentiable programming frameworks PyTorch TensorFlow do not have first-class representations of these developers must reason about the semantics manually translate them to code. We present a language, λ S , first deliver for derivatives, Lipschitz but nondifferentiable functions. Together, features...

The molecular receptive range (MRR) of a mammalian odorant receptor (OR) is the set structures that activate OR, while distribution these across odor space tuning breadth OR. Variation in thought to be an important property ORs, with MRRs receptors varying from narrowly broadly tuned. However, defining OR technical challenge. For practical reasons, screening panel covers must limited sparse coverage many potential space. When screened such panel, ORs different specificities, but equal...

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in programming technology for multi-party computation (MPC), bringing MPC closer to practice and wider applicability. Typical frameworks focus on either front-end language design (e.g., Wysteria, Viaduct, SPDZ), or back-end protocol implementation ABY, MOTION, MP-SPDZ).

Though many safety-critical software systems use floating point to represent real-world input and output, the mathematical specifications of these systems' behaviors real numbers. Significant deviations from those can cause errors jeopardize safety. To ensure system safety, some programming offer exact arithmetic, which often enables a program's computation match its specification exactly. However, arithmetic complicates decision-making: in systems, it is impossible compute (total...

The synthesis, nAChR in vitro and vivo pharmacological properties of 2′-fluoro-3′-(substituted thiophenyl)deschloroepibatidine analogues (5a–f, 6a–d, 7a–c) are presented herein. All had subnanomolar affinity at α4β2*-nAChRs. Contrary to lead structure epibatidine, a potent agonist, all were α4β2- α3β4-AChR antagonists an functional assay. In vivo, the compounds also with various degrees agonist activity. Compounds 5e, 5f, 6a, 6c, 6d, 7c no effects tail-flick, hot-plate, hypothermia, or...

Though many safety-critical software systems use floating point to represent real-world input and output, programmers usually have idealized versions in mind that compute with real numbers. Significant deviations from the ideal can cause errors jeopardize safety. Some programming implement exact arithmetic, which resolves this matter but complicates others, such as decision making. In these systems, it is impossible (total deterministic) discrete decisions based on connected spaces...