S.D. COX, C.M. MANN, J.L. MARKHAM, H.C. BELL, J.E. GUSTAFSON, J.R. WARMINGTON and S.G. WYLLIE.2000.The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) exhibits broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity. Its mode action against the Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli AG100, Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325, yeast Candida albicans has been investigated using a range methods. We report that exposing these organisms to minimum inhibitory bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations...

A new microdilution method has been developed for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oil‐based compounds. The redox dye resazurin was used to determine MIC a sample essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) range Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria. Use 0·15% (w/v) agar as stabilizer overcame problem adequate contact between test bacteria obviated need employ chemical emulsifier. rapid version assay also use screening method. comparison visual photometric...

This study compared the antimicrobial activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil with that some its components, both individually and in two-component combinations.Minimum inhibitory concentration time-kill assays revealed terpinen-4-ol, principal active component tea tree oil, was more on own than when present oil. Combinations terpinen-4-ol either gamma-terpinene or p-cymene produced similar activities to Concentration-dependent reductions solubility also occurred presence...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of surface hydration on the deposition silane monolayers silicaJ. D. Le Grange, J. L. Markham, and C. R. KurkjianCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 7, 1749–1753Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00031a023https://doi.org/10.1021/la00031a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is less susceptible to the antimicrobial properties of tea tree oil than many bacteria and its tolerance considered be due outer membrane. Polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN), which has no antibacterial action, was used permeabilize The addition PMBN Ps. NCTC 6749 markedly increased this organism's susceptibility normally inert hydrocarbons, p-cymene gamma-terpinene.

Examination of the culture fluids from a number strains oral streptococci and latobacilli has shown presence an erythrocyte-sensitizing antigen with properties lipoteichoic acid. The was isolated Lactobacillus casei fermentum characterized chemically serologically, For other strains, serological evidence for acid depends on reactivity antiserum specific glycerol phosphate backbone. relative concentrations in different organisms, stages growth, extracts organisms estimated by determining...

To examine the causes for variations in sensitivity and intrinsic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to plant volatile compounds.Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined a selection phytochemicals against P. using microdilution assay. Effects on growth also assessed 100-ml broth cultures. The two strains included study exhibited all compounds, with exception carvacrol trans-cinnamaldehyde. protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone increased compounds except...

To evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Polytoxinol (PT), a topical essential oil-based formulation, against biofilm positive strains coagulase-negative staphylococci.Using microtitre plate assay we measured inhibitory for PT selection biofilm-forming clinical isolates staphylococci. Susceptibility varied considerably (MIC = 0.6-20 000 ppm). For most tolerant isolate (Staphylococcus warneri) growth was inhibited by 32-fold lower concentration than planktonic growth. This inhibition...

Antisera prepared against strains of Streptococcus mutans, particularly strain BHT, contain antibodies to the membrane lipoteichoic acid component that will cross-react with acids from three species lactobacilli. A more detailed study BHT confirmed are specific for polyglycerol phosphate common acids. Sera a higher hemagglutinating titer could be obtained by injecting disrupted organisms. The partially purified isolated culture fluid S. mutans was also immunogenic antibodies; were formed...

Abstract Homogenous catalysis is an essential tool within the commercial manufacture of bulk and fine chemicals. Within this, phosphine ligands, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, otherwise known CYTOP® 366, are a crucial component. When designing pathway to your ligand choice, some key considerations include safety, yield quality, but at volumes we must also balance cost consider technologies readily available. Herein, report synthetic route that was chosen tricyclohexylphosphine scale. We...

Abstract A polymer coating applied to a silica optical fiber prevents mechanical damage the associated with handling. The adhesion of this is critical long-term reliability fiber. Typically, silane coupling agents that bond and surface are mixed into before it Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) good model system for studying reaction surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) OTS deposited on both silicon wafers, an oxide layer, glass has demonstrated...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic studies of phthalocyanine monolayersJ. J. Burack, D. LeGrange, L. Markham, and W. RockwardCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 2, 613–618Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00038a052https://doi.org/10.1021/la00038a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT...

Polystyrene test pieces broken by flexure in the presence of n-propanol and other alcohols have been examined scanning electron microscopy. Two regions on fracture surface are observed; a narrow band near to tension corresponds through solvent craze, but remainder is identical surfaces produced air. The solvent-crazed region has cellular structure decreasing scale toward tip craze. An explanation these features offered terms changing conditions stress content ahead growing

Abstract The copolymerization of methacrylates with containing anilino side chains was investigated. Azobis(isobutyronitrile) a better initiator than benzoyl peroxide. Continuous feed advantageous compared to adding the all at once. reaction scaled up using 10‐L reactor, ultimately yielding hundreds grams desired copolymers, which are valuable precursors polymeric dyes used in nonlinear optical studies.

Suspension and bulk-polymerized commercial polystyrenes have been fractured by cleavage the resulting surfaces examined optical scanning electron microscopy. The method of styrene polymerization was found to influence initiation propagation fracture, probably owing differing amounts insoluble impurities remaining in polymer. Various new aspects fracture morphology are described, measurements craze thickness microscopy compared with values calculated from interference fringes.

The physical mechanisms responsible for emitter aging in field emission displays are difficult to elucidate from typical device lifetests. We examined the physics of single Spindt tips a special structure. Our findings indicate that individual emit multiple nano-scale features with fluctuating current levels. developed "burn-in" procedure and characterized several mechanisms.