We investigated the charge dynamics of conductivity enhancement from 2 to $1000\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{cm}$ in poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) as induced by structural changes through addition a polar solvent and following bath treatment. Our results indicate that selectively enhanced $\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\pi}$ coupling polymer chains, resulting reduction disorder tremendously increasing carrier mobility, which yielded...

We report the origin of strong UV-irradiation dependence, generally known as a “light-soaking” process, in inverted polymer solar cells (I-PSCs) using interface an sol-gel processed titanium sub-oxide (TiOx) and indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode. When I-PSCs incorporating TiOx electron-selecting layer were fabricated, as-prepared devices exhibited anomalous J-V curve with kink shape, resulting extremely low efficiency. However, shape disappeared after white light irradiation for considerable...

To achieve the broad utilization of full functionality graphene (GR) in devices, a transfer method should be developed that can simplify process without leaving residue insulating supporting layer on surface GR. Furthermore, stable GR doping use an polymer is required. Here, new uses popular conducting polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), reported as for films are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The GR/PEDOT:PSS bilayer directly utilized...

In this paper, nanoimprint lithography was utilized to transfer a nano-pattern (NP) onto homeotropic polyimide (PI) surface for use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The nano-patterned silicon mold fabricated by laser interference lithography. A NP PI layer acted as the alignment easily and uniformly align (LC) molecules. LC cell with successfully operated vertical aligned LCD, its performance evaluated. threshold voltage response time of were 2.472 V 22.7 ms, respectively. addition,...

The performance of C 60 ‐based organic vertical field‐effect transistors (VFETs) is investigated as a function key geometrical parameters to attain better understanding their operation mechanism and eventually enhance output current for maximal driving capability. To this end, 2D device simulation performed compared with experimental results. results reveal that the scales mostly width its drain electrode, which in essence equivalent channel conventional lateral‐channel transistors, but...

We investigated solution-derived ZnO films as liquid crystal (LC) alignment layers via ion-beam (IB) irradiation. Solution processing was adopted to replace the sputtering method for deposition of LC layers. Uniform and homogeneous achieved, a high-performance system achieved using these substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that surface reformation by annealing IB irradiation affects uniformity allows control pretilt angle. Superior electro-optical (EO)...

Cross-sectional potential distributions of a polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell, consisting poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester blends, were directly observed by using Kelvin probe force microscopy. It was found that the electric field BHJ is nearly field-free compared with classical metal-insulator-metal model, whereas device confined to cathode interface. The cathode-interfaced rectification junction studied originate from formation...

By confining columnar grains of textured oxide film using anodized aluminum template, we could obtain a grain-boundary-free (GB-free) cuprous (Cu2O) nanowire arrays with narrow diameter distribution and high density under the same electrochemical deposition condition. A two-terminal device fabricated an individual GB-free Au/Cr electrodes exhibits bipolar resistive switching contrary to unipolar one film, Schottky-like conduction. On other hand, Pt reveals non-switching behavior Ohmic Thus,...

An efficient module cell architecture of a polymer solar built upon self-aligned alternating interfacial layers is presented. Alternating conventional and inverted subcells are serially connected on single compound electrode with layers. A high relative power conversion efficiency 82% the large-area (4.24%) to small-sized laboratory cells (5.19%) could be obtainable.

Abstract We investigated the polarity dependence of a capacitive energy management circuit in triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) power system. In half-wave rectifying circuit, Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis and analytical models show that charge dump to load varied depending on even same output from TENG. Depending fast saturation direct current (DC) voltage or high DC was obtained. Experiments rectifier Bennet doubler confirmed our simulation theoretical results. The...

External-biased potential distributions of a polymer bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell, incorporated with electron/hole transporting layers, were directly obseved through cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy. The bulk electric field BHJ was found to be nearly field-free even under reverse biases, and the region probed expand incorporation TiOx electron layer; as result, inducing decrease quasi-Fermi level splitting in obtaining high fill factor TiOx-interlayered junction photodiodes.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) uses charge transfer between two asymmetric affinity materials such as metal and dielectrics. Metal electrode acts collector from dielectrics path to an external load, which model deals with only a net of concerning electrical output. In this work, we found that in triboelectric generator has non-negligible surface polarization causing open-circuit voltage difference the TENG system. The output depends on initial preparation conditions for I-V measurements,...

Additional post-processing techniques, such as post-thermal annealing and UV illumination, were found to be required obtain desirable values of the cell parameters in a tandem polymer solar incorporated with solution-processed basic n-type titanium sub-oxide (TiO(x))/acidic p-type poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interlayers. Subsequent fabrication cells, open-circuit voltage (V(OC)) cells exhibited half expected value. Only after application...

We report chemically tunable n-type titanium oxides using ethanolamine as a nitrogen dopant source. As the amount of added to oxide precursor during synthesis increases, Fermi level resulting (ethanolamine-incorporated oxides) significantly changes from -4.9 eV -4.3 eV, and their free charge carrier densities are enhanced by two orders magnitudes, reaching up 5 × 10

Farmers cultivate plants in the winter using water curtain cultivation (WCC) facilities by spraying groundwater to keep them warm. In this study, WCC exhibited high radon concentrations during winter. The risk varied significantly depending on facility operation, peaking early morning and then decreasing upon ventilation. At all measurement sites, were low when was not used. Even period of use, if vapor condensation does occur, there is no significant difference from soil-only emissions....

A photonic crystal Mach–Zehnder demultiplexer (PC-MZDmux) with four output ports based on the self-collimation phenomenon in a two-dimensional (2D) PC is proposed and numerically studied using finite-difference time-domain simulations. The PC-MZDmux composed of three interferometers (MZIs) each MZI consists two 50:50 beam splitters perfect mirrors. Employed as design parameters to achieve demultiplexing functionality are radius phase control rods (PCRs) mirrors distance between spitter...