Abstract Graphene-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have recently emerged as a key element essential in next-generation displays and lighting, mainly due to their promise for highly flexible light sources. However, efficiency has been, at best, similar that of conventional, indium tin oxide-based counterparts. We here propose an ideal electrode structure based on synergetic interplay high-index TiO 2 layers low-index hole-injection sandwiching graphene electrodes, which results...

We investigated the optical properties of a dielec-tric−metal−dielectric multilayer for transparent top cathode in top-emitting organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs). The transmittance metal layer was enhanced by depositing dielectric material which had high refraction index n below and above (Ag) layer. Due to multiple reflections interferences, Ag sandwiched between materials with value can show improved transmittance. Because WO3 (>2.0), thin could fulfill optimum zero-reflection...

An industrial-grade polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate is explored as a simple, cost-effective platform for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Its high refractive index, combined with the built-in scattering properties inherent to version, allows significant enhancement in outcoupling without any extra structuring or special optical elements. Flexible, color-stable OLEDs efficiency close 100 lm W−1 are demonstrated. As service our authors and readers, this journal...

Abstract Thin-film transistor (TFT)-driven full-color organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with vertically stacked structures are developed herein using photolithography processes, which allow for high-resolution displays of over 2,000 pixels per inch. Vertical stacking OLEDs by the process is technically challenging, as vulnerable to moisture, oxygen, solutions and temperatures 100 °C. In this study, we develop a low-temperature processed Al 2 O 3 /SiN x bilayered protection layer, stably...

Survival regression is used to estimate the relation between time-to-event and feature variables, important in application domains such as medicine, marketing, risk management, sales management. Nonlinear tree based machine learning algorithms implemented libraries XGBoost, scikit-learn, LightGBM, CatBoost are often more accurate practice than linear models. However, existing state-of-the-art implementations of tree-based models have offered limited support for survival regression. In this...

The optical properties of dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) transparent electrodes are investigated from the perspectives organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A joint experimental and theoretical study showed that characteristics OLEDs based on DMD can be widely tuned to fulfill requirements a target application through careful control microcavity effect, transmittance electrodes, correlation these two factors with emission spectra emitted materials. Upon variation structure,...

Abstract Graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has attracted great interest as a transparent conducting material, due to its extraordinary characteristics such flexibility, optical transparency, and high conductivity, especially in next‐generation displays. Graphene‐based novel electrodes have the potential satisfy important factors for high‐performance flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) terms of sheet resistance, transmittance, work function, surface roughness. In...

Flexible transparent electrode materials such as conducting polymers, silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes and graphenes are being investigated possible replacements for conventional brittle inorganic electrodes. However, they have critical drawbacks of low work function (WF), resulting in a high hole injection barrier to an overlying semiconducting layer simplified organic or organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes (OLEDs PeLEDs). Here, we report new anode material (AnoHIL)...

Phototherapeutics has shown promise in treating various diseases without surgical or drug interventions. However, it is challenging to use inner-body applications due the limited light penetration depth through skin. Therefore, we propose an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) catheter as effective photobiomodulation (PBM) platform useful for tubular organs such duodenums. A fully encapsulated highly flexible OLED mounted over a round columnar structure, producing axially uniform...

Abstract Stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as promising optoelectronic devices with exceptional degree of freedom in form factors. However, stretching OLEDs often results a reduction the geometrical fill factor (FF), that is ratio an active area to total area, thereby limiting their potential for broad range applications. To overcome these challenges, we propose three-dimensional (3D) architecture adopting hidden serves dual role both emitting and interconnector....

We present herein the first report of organic/inorganic hybrid thin-film encapsulation (TFE) developed as an process for mass production in display industry. The proposed method was applied to fabricate a top-emitting organic light-emitting device (TEOLED). TFE has 1.5 dyad structure and fabricated using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) inkjet printing (IJP) processes that can be operations Currently, industries use inorganic thin films such SiNx SiOxNy through chemical vapor...

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have received great attention owing to their excellent performance for augmented reality/virtual reality devices applications. However, high pixel density of OLED microdisplay causes electrical crosstalk, resulting in color distortion. This study investigated the current crosstalk ratio and changes gamut caused by between sub-pixels high-resolution full-color microdisplays. A structure 3147 pixels per inch (PPI) with four a single-stack white...

Abstract We investigate the electro‐optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes on polyimide (PI) and glass substrates their impact organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) performance. At a given thickness, ITO layer exhibits lower sheet resistance compared to PI substrates. The optical transmission spectra films are also analyzed, revealing substantial variations owing interference phenomena. optimal electron transporting (ETL) thicknesses for maximizing luminance...

Highly transparent organic light-emitting diodes (TrOLEDs) are demonstrated using damage-free top cathodes of Cs2CO3/ Ag capped with ZnS layers. The presence ultrathin Cs2CO3 layers not only improves the electron injection properties but also makes thin films more continuous and uniform, resulting in ideal electrodes low sheet resistance high transmittance. combination uniform morphology enabled by optimized thickness capping results TrOLEDs that have a peak transmittance as large 80%...

The performance of C 60 ‐based organic vertical field‐effect transistors (VFETs) is investigated as a function key geometrical parameters to attain better understanding their operation mechanism and eventually enhance output current for maximal driving capability. To this end, 2D device simulation performed compared with experimental results. results reveal that the scales mostly width its drain electrode, which in essence equivalent channel conventional lateral‐channel transistors, but...

We demonstrate independently and simultaneously controlled color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with vertically stacked blue, green, red elements. The elements were placed at the bottom, middle, top positions, respectively, forming OLEDs. driven in OLEDs exhibited low driving voltages of 5.3 V, 3.0 4.6 as well high external quantum efficiencies 11.1%, 10.9%, 9.6%, approximately 1000 cd/m2. Each element showed high-purity colors little parasitic emission owing to delicately...

Abstract Graphene has attracted considerable attention as a next-generation transparent conducting electrode, because of its high electrical conductivity and optical transparency. Various optoelectronic devices comprising graphene bottom such organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaics, quantum-dot LEDs electrochemical cells, have recently been reported. However, performance using top electrodes is limited, the lamination process through which positioned layer these conventional...

We investigated the optical reflectance, surface roughness, and sheet resistance of aluminum (Al)/titanium nitride (TiN), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W) layers on Si substrates, which are available in CMOS foundry, for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays. The devices with different metal anode exhibited hole-injection properties OLED performances, owing to electrical layers. Based characteristics, Al/TiN layer was selected as an A green monochromatic microdisplay panel designed...

Abstract Substrates with high transmittance and haze are desired for increasing the light outcoupling efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most polymer films used as substrate have low haze. Herein, a facile route to fabricate built‐in glass‐fabric reinforced siloxane hybrid (GFRH) film having total (≈89%) is reported using scattering effect induced by refractive index contrast between glass fabric (hybrimer). The hybrimer exhibiting large synthesized removing phenyl...