Abstract Genomic structural variation (SV) has profound effects on organismal evolution; often serving as a source of novel genetic variation. Gene copy number (CNV), one type SV, repeatedly been associated with adaptive evolution in eukaryotes, especially environmental stress. Resistance to the widely used herbicide, glyphosate, evolved through target-site CNV many weedy plant species, including economically important grass, Eleusine indica (goosegrass); however, origin and mechanism these...

Abstract Glufosinate is an important and widely used non-selective herbicide active on a wide range of plant species. Evolution resistance to glufosinate in weedy species (including the global weed Eleusine indica) underway. Here, we established molecular basis target site indica. Full-length E. indica glutamine synthetase (GS) iso-genes (EiGS1-1, 1-2, 1-3, EiGS2) were cloned, expression EiGS1-1 EiGS1-2 was higher than that EiGS2. A novel point mutation resulting Ser59Gly substitution...

To explore replacement control of the invasive weed Ipomoea cairica, we studied competitive effects two valuable natives, Pueraria lobata and Paederia scandens, on growth photosynthetic characteristics I. in pot field experiments. When cairica was planted pots with P. or its total biomass decreased by 68.7% 45.8%, stem length 33.3% 34.1%, respectively. The natives depressed their strong characteristics, including suppression leaf abundance CO2-fixing enzyme RUBISCO. experiment demonstrated...

The abundance of phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) in leaves is associated with photosynthetic performance, but the regulatory mechanism unclear. Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Cryptocarya concinna Hance., which exhibit distinct anthocyanin accumulation patterns, are dominant tree species early- late-successional stages, respectively, subtropical forests China. RNA-seq analyses concentrations, antioxidant capacity characteristics were performed on young mature these two under...

Glyphosate has been used worldwide for nearly 40 years, and 30 types of resistant weeds have reported. is mass-produced widely in China, but few studies reports on glyphosate-resistant resistance mechanisms exist. Previous found a goosegrass species with high glyphosate from orchards South China its mechanism was described this study. The cDNA 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS, EC 2.5.1.19), the target enzyme glyphosate, cloned -susceptible goosegrass, respectively, referred...

Glyphosate has been used for weed control in South China various situations four decades, and most Eleusine indica populations are suspected to have evolved resistance glyphosate. This research investigated underling target-site glyphosate mechanisms six field-collected, putative glyphosate-resistant (R) E. populations.The R were confirmed be low (1.8 2.6-fold) moderately (5.6- 8.4-fold) resistant relative the susceptible (S) population. Sixty-seven glyphosate-surviving plants from examine...

Abstract BACKGROUND The herbicide glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Overexpression of EPSPS gene is one molecular mechanisms conferring resistance in weeds, but transcriptional regulation this poorly understood. was found to be significantly up‐regulated following treatment a glyphosate‐resistant Eleusine indica population from southern China. To further investigate overexpression, promoter E. cloned and analyzed. RESULTS Two upstream...

Abstract BACKGROUND Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum (Rubiaceae) is an annual weed with a strong allelopathic inhibitory effect on malignant weeds in orchards southern China. This study was carried out to investigate its potential and identify allelochemicals present B . RESULTS Aqueous extracts of inhibited the germination radicle growth Eleusine indica Bidens alba dose‐dependent manner. However, only high‐concentration treatment at 50 mg mL −1 delayed Digitaria sanguinalis Among root,...

The rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass (Eleusine indica) will enhance our ability to respond new resistant populations this major weed. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fluo) and P700 (reaction center chlorophyll photosystem I) absorbance were analyzed one biotype that is another remains sensitive the herbicide. Both biotypes treated with a foliar spray glyphosate. Differences II maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective photochemical (Y(II)), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)...

Banana is one of the most important fruit crops grown in China (2). A severe outbreak a soft rot banana occurred Guangzhou, from 2009 to 2010. The disease was characterized by an odorous center rhizome. progressed up pseudostem, destroying growing point and causing internal decay often accompanied vascular discoloration. Yellowing wilting leaves were also characteristic symptoms. survey three areas production Musa sapientum (cv. ABB) covering 10 ha Guangzhou revealed that 82% fields affected...

Glyphosate has been widely used to control Eleusine indica and other weeds in South China for many years. Among the most troublesome China, E. can remain alive all year round. However, influence of temperature on glyphosate efficacy indica, especially under days with fluctuating temperature, is unknown. This study evaluated two regimes glyphosate-resistant (R) -susceptible (S) biotypes. Plants R S biotypes were cultivated (high: 30°C/20°C day/night; low: 20°C/15°C day/night). Dose-response...