Significance Glyphosate is the world’s dominantly used herbicide to control weedy plant species in a wide range of situations, especially global field crops soybean, maize, canola, and cotton with genetically engineered glyphosate resistance. Persistent selection has led worldwide evolution glyphosate-resistant weeds. Several biochemical physiological mechanisms have been identified that endow To be toxic plants, must present cytoplasm, thus reducing cytoplasmic sublethal level could confer...

Glyphosate, the most commonly used herbicide in world, controls a wide range of plant species, mainly because plants have little capacity to metabolize (detoxify) glyphosate. Massive glyphosate use has led world-wide evolution glyphosate-resistant (GR) weed including economically damaging grass

Frequent herbicide use selects for resistance in weeds. Cytochrome P450s are important detoxification enzymes responsible plants. We identified and characterized a candidate P450 gene (BsCYP81Q32) from the problematic weed Beckmannia syzigachne to test whether it conferred metabolic acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, pyriminobac-methyl. Transgenic rice overexpressing BsCYP81Q32 was resistant three herbicides. Equally, ortholog OsCYP81Q32 more...

The dinitroaniline herbicides (particularly trifluralin) have been globally used in many crops for selective grass weed control. Consequently, trifluralin resistance has documented several important crop species and recently reached a level of concern Australian Lolium rigidum populations. Here, we report novel mutations the L. α-tubulin gene which confer to other herbicides. Nucleotide at highly conserved codon Arg-243 resulted amino acid substitutions Met or Lys. Rice calli transformed...

This study confirmed the first case of glyphosate resistance in Tridax procumbens and investigated glyphosate-resistance mechanisms. Sequencing cloning full 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) coding sequences revealed a point mutation (ACC to TCC) at amino acid position 102, resulting novel Thr-102-Ser substitution. Other possible mechanisms (i.e., target-site EPSPS-gene overexpression, nontarget-site differential uptake translocation) were also examined unlikely be involved...

Abstract Glufosinate is an important and widely used non-selective herbicide active on a wide range of plant species. Evolution resistance to glufosinate in weedy species (including the global weed Eleusine indica) underway. Here, we established molecular basis target site indica. Full-length E. indica glutamine synthetase (GS) iso-genes (EiGS1-1, 1-2, 1-3, EiGS2) were cloned, expression EiGS1-1 EiGS1-2 was higher than that EiGS2. A novel point mutation resulting Ser59Gly substitution...

A wild radish population (R) has been recently confirmed to be cross-resistant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides without previous exposure these herbicides. This cross-resistance is endowed by enhanced metabolism. Our study identified one 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent gene (Rr2ODD1) and two P450 genes (RrCYP704C1 RrCYP709B1), which were significantly more highly expressed in R versus susceptible (S) plants. Gene functional characterization using Arabidopsis...

Abstract A bioinformatic search was carried for plant homologues of human serine-threonine protein kinases involved in regulation cell division and microtubule phosphorylation (SLK, PAK6, PAK7, MARK1, MAST2, TTBK1, TTBK2, AURKA, PLK1, PLK4 PASK). number SLK, MAST2 AURKA were identified. The closest identified homologue kinase a unknown function, A7PY12/GSVIVT00026259001 from Vitis vinifera (herein named as "STALK", Serine-Threonine Aurora-Like Kinase). Analysis STALK's three-dimensional...

Abstract Background The function of the cortical microtubules, composed αβ-tubulin heterodimers, is linked to their organizational state which subject spatial and temporal modulation by environmental cues. role tubulin posttranslational modifications in these processes largely unknown. Although antibodies against small regions represent useful tool for studying molecular configuration data on exposure epitopes plant microtubules are still limited. Results Using homology modeling we have...

A-DNA is thought to play a significant biological role in gene expression due its specific conformation and binding features. In this study, double-stranded mini-helices (dA:dT)3 (dG:dC)3 A-like DNA were investigated. M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) method has been utilized identify the optimal geometries predict physicochemical parameters of these systems. The results show ability corresponding preserve their under influences solvent, charge, Na+ counterions. Presented structural energetic data offer...

Keywords: smooth muscles, contraction, pharmacomechanokinetics, histamine, cholinergic neurotransmission, titanium dioxide

We have previously demonstrated that an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) from Echinochloa colona (EcAKR4-1) can metabolize glyphosate and confers resistance. This study aims to investigate if the EcAKR4-1 orthologs Lolium rigidum also play a role in resistance non-target-site based, glyphosate-resistant (R) L. populations Western Australia.The full-length AKR gene (LrAKR4C10) orthologous EcAKR4-1, together with distinct LrAKR1, were cloned plants of glyphosate-susceptible (S) (VLR1) three R...

We report a comprehensive quantum-chemical study on d(A)5·d(T)5 and d(G)5·d(C)5 DNA mini-helixes the Dickerson dodecamer d[CGCGAATTCGCG]. The research was performed to model evolution of spatial structure d(G)5 d(C)5 all way from vacuum water bulk. influence external factors such as presence counterions extent hydration included. Also, for comparison, limited calculations have been carried out dodecamer. has at density functional theory level using B97D3 ωB97XD exchange–correlation...

A spatial model of nanosized titanium dioxide material was created using Discovery Studio Visualizer software, versions 2.0 and 2.5. search for analysis possible sites its docking to the extracellular part GABA B1а receptor subunit were performed algorythm molecular PatchDock. The dimensions obtained ТіО 2 nanoparticle surface (18.925 × 3.785 19.028) Å. Four potentially B identified. demonstrated high affinity one with geometric shape complementarity score 12562, taking following values in...

The new high selective mAChRs M3 inhibitors with IC50 in nanomolecular ranges, which can be the prototypes for effective COPD and asthma treatment drugs, were discovered computational approaches among trifluoromethyl containing hexahydropyrimidinones/thiones. Compounds [6-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidin-5-yl]-phenyl-methanone (THPT-1) 5-benzoyl-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidin-2-one (THPO-4) have been...