Despite recent advances in the understanding of swine gut microbiome at different growth stages, a comprehensive longitudinal study lifetime (birth to market) dynamics is lacking.To fill this gap knowledge, we repeatedly collected total 273 rectal swabs from 18 pigs during lactation (day (d) 0, 11, 20), nursery (d 27, 33, 41, 50, 61), growing 76, 90, 104, 116), and finishing 130, 146, 159, 174) stages. DNA was extracted subjected sequencing with an Illumina Miseq sequencer targeting V4...

White striping refers to the occurrence of different degrees white striations on broiler breast fillets and thighs larger broilers, yet little is known about its causes. Thus, objective study was estimate normal (NORM), moderate (MOD), severe (SEV) with respect growth rate broilers compare their proximate composition without confounding effect diet. Straight-run 1-d-old chicks (n = 280) were randomly assigned either a low- (LED) or high-energy (HED) diet (5 replicates 28 birds/dietary...

Crossbred lambs (47.3 kg BW) were used to study the effects of restraint and isolation stress on endocrine status blood metabolites, antemortem glycogenolysis, incidence dark-cutting condition (DCC) in longissimus muscle (LM) determine role contraction formation DCC sheep. Lambs assigned randomly three treatments: unstressed controls (C); a single 6-h period (RIS); RIS following epidural blockade (RISEB) with lidocaine. Blood was collected immediately before subjected RISEB at 12-min...

Two hundred sixteen crossbred barrows and gilts (84.3 kg BW) were used to test the effects of dietary energy density lysine:energy ratio (Lys:ME) on performance, carcass characteristics, pork quality finishing pigs fed 10 ppm ractopamine. Pigs blocked by BW gender, allotted 36 pens (six per pen), assigned randomly within blocks treatments (as-fed basis) arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two levels (3.30 or 3.48 Mcal/kg) three Lys:ME (1.7, 2.4, 3.1 g lysine/Mcal) levels. experimental...

Ractopamine HCl (RAC) is a phenethanolamine β-adrenergic agonist used as feed supplement that repartitions nutrients from fat deposition to increased protein synthesis and muscle accretion without deleteriously affecting pork quality. This literature review, well meta-analyses of the available results, was undertaken evaluate live performance, carcass, quality responses various dietary inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) RAC. Consensus meta-analysis indicated pigs fed RAC, regardless...

White striping is the white striation occasionally observed parallel to direction of muscle fibers in broiler breast fillets and thighs at processing plant. Broiler can be categorized as normal (NORM), moderate (MOD), or severe (SEV) based on degree striping. Histologically, SEV are characterized by highest degeneration along with fibrosis lipidosis when compared NORM. The present study was undertaken compare hematologic serologic profiles broilers NORM degrees get more information systemic...

Holstein steer calves (n = 32; 156 ± 33.2 kg average BW) were used to evaluate the duration of restraint and isolation stress (RIS) on endocrine blood metabolite status incidence dark-cutting LM. Calves blocked by BW assigned randomly within blocks one four stressor treatments: unstressed controls (NS) or a single bout RIS for 2, 4, 6 h. Venous was collected via indwelling jugular catheters at 40, 20, 0 min before application 20-min intervals during RIS. Unstressed remained in their home...

Crossbred lambs (n = 24) were blocked by weight and assigned within blocks to four treatments applied in two replications of a 2 × factorial arrangement. Main effects included no stress (NS) or three consecutive days restraint isolation (RIS) treatment with either water (W) an electrolyte (E) solution. Each lamb the RIS group was moved from its home stanchion another room, isolated visual tactile contact other lambs, restrained for 6 h on days. Lambs received distilled W E (320 mL) each 3 d...

Crossbred pigs (n=288) were used to test the interactive effects of dietary fat source and slaughter weight on live performance, carcass traits, fatty acid composition LM. Pigs blocked by initial BW, and, within each 9 blocks, pens (8 pigs/pen) randomly assigned either control corn-soybean meal grower finisher diets devoid added (Ctrl) or formulated with 5% beef tallow (BT), poultry (PF), soybean oil (SBO). Immediately after treatment allotment, as well at mean block BW 45.5, 68.1, 90.9,...

The meat quality of different pig breeds is associated with their muscle tissue physiological processes, which involves a large variety genes related fat and energy metabolism. Understanding the differences biological processes after slaughter helpful to reveal development breeds. Therefore, eight native Large Black pigs (BP), high content in meat, seven cross-bred commercial (CP), had feed efficiency lean were used investigate RNA transcriptomes. average daily gain (ADG) hot carcass weight...

A total of 240 crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect feeding magnesium mica (MM) during growing-finishing period on animal performance and pork carcass characteristics. All blocked by weight, treatments assigned randomly pens (five pigs/pen) within blocks. In each experiment, eight allotted one three treatments: 1) a negative control corn-soybean meal starter, grower, finisher diet devoid supplemental magnesium; 2) diets supplemented with 1.25% MM; 3) 2.50% MM....

Crossbred pigs, heterozygous for the halothane gene, were used to determine effects of long-term dietary supplementation magnesium mica (MM) and short-duration transportation stress on performance, response, postmortem metabolism, pork quality. Pigs blocked by weight, penned in groups (six pigs per pen), pens (three diet) assigned randomly either a control corn-soybean meal diet or supplemented with 2.5% MM (as-fed basis; at expense corn). Diets fed during early-finisher (0.95% lysine,...

Seventy-two Holstein steers averaging 182 kg were assigned randomly to one of six treatment groups: 1) nonimplanted controls (C); 2) implanted with 36 mg zeranol (Z); 3) 20 estradiol benzoate and 200 progesterone (EP); 4) 140 trenbolone acetate (TBA); 5) plus (TBA + EP); 6) Z). Each group consisted three replications four animals per pen, which on d 0, 56, 112, 168. Masculinity muscling scores at 24 h preslaughter. Hide removal difficulty was scored by a plant supervisor. Quality yield grade...

Crossbred pigs (n = 216) were used to test the interaction, if any, of ractopamine (RAC) and dietary fat source on characteristics fresh pork bellies. Pigs blocked by BW (77.6 +/- 6.5 kg) allotted randomly pens (6 pigs/pen). After receiving a common diet devoid RAC for 2 wk, within blocks assigned 1 4 treatments arranged in x factorial design, with 5% (beef tallow vs. soybean oil) (0 10 mg/kg). At conclusion 35-d feeding period, slaughtered at commercial packing plant (average 108.8 0.6 kg),...

Pigs from one farrowing group in which gilts were bred to farrow pigs that would be either 14 or 21 d of age at weaning, divided into older and younger groups (108 per group) penned 12 pen a wean-to-finish facility. At the end nursery phase, half each removed, rerandomized, commingled for finishing phase. The other remained their original pens. fed common Phase 1 (d 0 14) 2 35) diets, 4-phase program diet during growing/finishing, with transitions 45, 68, 90 kg BW. study ended when lightest...

Crossbred pigs (n = 216) were used to test the interactive effect, if any, of ractopamine (RAC) and dietary fat source on performance finishing pigs, pork carcass characteristics, quality LM chops during 5 d simulated retail display (2.6 degrees C 1,600 lx warm-white fluorescent lighting). Pigs blocked by BW allotted randomly pens (6 pigs/pen), and, after receiving a common diet devoid RAC for 2 wk, within blocks assigned 1 4 diets in x factorial arrangement, with 5% [beef tallow (BT) vs....