A5032428981- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Ethics in medical practice
- Travel-related health issues
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Virology and Viral Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2021-2025
Epidemic Intelligence Service
2021-2025
National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention
2022-2023
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2017-2022
Public Health Department
2020-2022
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2021
Johns Hopkins University
2017-2018
Rockefeller University
2014-2015
Rapid antigen tests, such as the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card (BinaxNOW), offer results more rapidly (approximately 15-30 minutes) and at a lower cost than do highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) (1). have received Food Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use in symptomatic persons (2), but data are lacking on test performance asymptomatic to inform expanded screening testing identify isolate infected (3). To evaluate of rapid test, it was...
CDC.Among these reports, <5% of the data were missing, providing further confidence that they reasonably complete.Provisional used to calculate national-and state-level TB case counts.Midyear U.S. Census Bureau population estimates § for calculating https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-nationaltotal.html
During October 2019, the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health (WVBPH) noted that an increasing number of persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Kanawha County received a diagnosis HIV. The HIV diagnoses among PWID increased from less than five annually during 2016-2018 to 11 January-October 2019 (Figure). (with approximate population 180,000*) has high rates opioid use disorder and overdose deaths, which have been since 2016,† county is located near Cabell County, experienced outbreak...
Mobile phone coverage has grown, particularly within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), presenting an opportunity to augment routine health surveillance programs. Several LMICs global partners are seeking opportunities launch basic mobile phone-based surveys of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The increasing use such technology in brings forth a cluster ethical challenges; however, much the existing literature regarding ethics or digital focuses on technologies high-income does not...
Abstract Background Drug resistant malaria is a growing concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where previous studies indicate that parasites to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or chloroquine are spatially clustered. This study explores longitudinal changes spatial patterns understand how may be spreading within DRC, using samples from nation-wide population-representative surveys. Methods We selected 552 children with PCR-detectable Plasmodium falciparum infection and identified known...
Point-of-care antigen tests are an important tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Antigen less sensitive than real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR).
Reports of P. vivax infections among Duffy-negative hosts have accumulated throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this growing body evidence, no nationally representative epidemiological surveys in Africa been performed. To overcome gap knowledge, we screened over 17,000 adults the Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) for using samples from 2013-2014 Demographic Health Survey. Overall, found a 2.97% (95% CI: 2.28%, 3.65%) prevalence across DRC. Infections were associated with few risk-factors and...
Background: People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk for progression to tuberculosis following infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We produced nationwide incidence estimate and description of among people failure. Methods: completed cross-sectional descriptive analysis reported case in the United States between 2010 2021. stratified all by failure status. The primary outcome was also compared characteristics Results: Approximately 3% (2,892 111,155) diagnosed 2021 had...
Abstract A nationwide tuberculosis outbreak linked to a viable bone allograft product contaminated with Mycobacterium was identified in June 2021. Our subsequent investigation 73 healthcare personnel new latent infection following exposure the product, recipients, surgical instruments, or medical waste.
Adults are frequently infected with malaria and may serve as a reservoir for further transmission, yet we know relatively little about risk factors adult infections. In this study, assessed among adults using samples from the nationally representative, cross-sectional 2013-2014 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We explored differences by urbanicity. Plasmodium falciparum infection was determined PCR. Covariates were drawn DHS to model...
To improve malaria surveillance and achieve elimination, the Zambian National Malaria Elimination Program implemented a reactive test-and-treat program in Southern Province 2013 which individuals with rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed are followed-up at their home within 1 week of diagnosis. Individuals present index case household those residing 140 m tested an RDT treated artemether-lumefantrine if positive. This study evaluated efficiency this strategy by characterizing infected...
Abstract Background Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a proven strategy to protect against malaria. Sierra Leone the first country implement IPTi nationwide. implementation was evaluated Kambia, one two initial pilot districts, assess quality and coverage services. Methods This mixed-methods evaluation had phases, conducted 3 (phase 1) 15–17 months 2) after implementation. included: assessments 18 health facilities (HF),...
Despite evidence that older children and adolescents bear the highest burden of malaria, large malaria surveys focus on younger children. We used polymerase chain reaction data from 2013-2014 Demographic Health Survey in Democratic Republic Congo (including aged <5 years adults ≥15 years) a longitudinal study Kinshasa Province (participants 6 months to 98 estimate prevalence across age strata. fit linear models estimated prevalences for each category; 10-14 had prevalence. approximately 26...
Abstract Background Newly emerged mutations within the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) can confer piperaquine in absence of amplified plasmepsin II (pfpm2). In this study, we estimated prevalence co-circulating P. isolates collected northern Cambodia from 2009 to 2017. Methods The sequence pfcrt was determined for 410 using PacBio amplicon sequencing or whole genome sequencing. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction used estimate pfpm2 and pfmdr1 copy number....
Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is a threat malaria elimination. ACT-resistance in Asia raises concerns for emergence of Africa. While most data show high efficacy ACT regimens Africa, there have been reports describing declining efficacy, as measured by both clinical failure and prolonged parasite clearance times. Three hundred children aged 2-10 years with uncomplicated P. infection were enrolled Kenya Tanzania after receiving treatment...
During 2014-2020, no tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported within the Washington state prison system. However, during July 2021-June 2022, 25 TB among persons incarcerated or formerly in two prisons. Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequencing data indicated that Mycobacterium isolates from all 11 patients with culture-confirmed closely related, suggesting these represented a single outbreak. The median infectious period for 12 who considered likely contagious was 170 days. As November...
In a cross-sectional molecular study in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 78% households had ≥1 member infected with Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, and/or ovale spp.; 47% children and 33% adults tested positive for species. Risk factors varied by species age group.
The amount of biomedical research being conducted around the world has greatly expanded over past 15 years, with particularly large growth occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This increased focus on understanding responding to disease burdens brought forth a desire help LMIC institutions enhance their own capacity conduct scientifically ethically sound research. In support these goals Johns Hopkins-Fogarty African Bioethics Training Program (FABTP) has, for six partnered...
Recently, there has been a remarkable increase in biomedical research being conducted low and middle-income countries. This brought attention to the need for high quality ethics systems within these countries greater focus on training. Though most programs tend concentrate training individuals, less focused institutions as target of such In this paper we demonstrate rapid approach evaluating institutional capacity. The method adapts Octagon Model, which evaluates using eight domains: basic...
We enrolled 250 febrile children in western Uganda to compare the results of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) when using capillary vs venous blood. Participants were tested with 4 different RDT types. Polymerase chain reaction testing was performed as reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity broadly similar across types sampling method. Agreement between sample type high, ranging from 0.95 0.99. When following manufacturer's recommended interpretation, only 5 would have resulted...
In recent years, tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the United States has declined overall but remained high among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI) persons. Few studies have examined epidemiology of TB NH/PI persons, particularly U.S.-Affiliated Islands (USAPI). We describe characteristics patients during 2010-2019.We used data from National Tuberculosis Surveillance System to characterize cases reported persons born 50 U.S. states (defined include District Columbia) USAPI....