Phenolic acids were identified, and their content was determined in the grain of four species wheat: common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare), spelt (T. spelta), durum turgidum durum), einkorn monococcum) grown at two different levels cultivation technology: medium high. Thirteen identified for each species. Einkorn cultivar PL 5003 had highest phenolic acids, reaching up to 2106 mg 100 g-1 DM. The response various technology applied varied, but ferulic acid always predominant (465-868...

This review paper is related to the utilization on bacterial cellulose in many applications. The polymer produced from possessed a very good physical and mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength, elasticity, absorbency. has significantly higher degree of polymerization crystallinity compared those derived plant. collection selected literature shown that are form pure can be used These include application various industries sectors economy, medicine or electronic industry.

Lavender is a valued plant due to its cosmetic, perfumery, culinary, and health benefits. A wide range of applications related the composition bioactive compounds, quantity quality which determined by various internal external factors, i.e., variety, morphological part plant, climatic soil conditions during vegetation. In presented work, characterization antimicrobial properties as well qualitative quantitative assessment compounds in form polyphenols ethanol extracts from leaves flowers...

The purpose of this study was to characterize ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers two ecotypes (PL—intended for industrial plantations KC—intended cut flowers) Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plant cultivated in 2019 southern Poland as part a long-term research plan develop new varieties resistant difficult environmental conditions. collected were used prepare extracts, which then analyzed terms phytochemical composition antioxidant, bactericidal, fungicidal properties. Using UPLC...

Preliminary studies are presented showing to what extent nutrients available in the growth environment of Kombucha microorganisms affect physical and mechanical properties synthesized cellulose. With an increase amount sucrose medium with presence additional nutrients, peptone tea extract, thickness strength biopolymer increased, while elongation was reduced. The best parameters were obtained for bacterial cellulose from cultures addition 10% 0.25% content. correlated decrease degree...

Wood modification with graphene oxide can give it unique features characteristic of other materials. However, the durability newly acquired is great importance. To better understand them, worth conducting an in-depth analysis structural changes that occur in wood under influence oxide. As part research, was impregnated aqueous dispersion. using two methods: single vacuum and pressureless ultrasound. Laser-assisted ionization spectroscopy (LIBS) used to determine elements, mainly carbon,...

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are an excellent example of materials that, thanks to the possibility using recycled raw materials, directly fit into circular economy. The properties and quality depend largely on appropriate selection proportions components. These studies included produced basis HDPE-recycled matrix filled with sawdust or bark particles in amounts 40%, 50%, 60%. Their structural features were analyzed for composites. It was shown that a smaller share filler ensures its more...

Particle size of wood fillers used in FDM 3D printing filaments is a topic not commonly discussed the literature. Research on traditional wood–polymer composites (WPCs) suggests that bigger particles improve composite’s tensile properties. Is case at scale? Five variants were prepared using recycled PLA and sawdust, differentiated by filler particle (<0.2 mm, 0.2 mm–0.4 0.4 mm–0.6 0.6 mm–0.8 0.8 mm–1 mm). Current draw during extrusion, as well strength modulus, tested. Test results...

The new wood-plastic composites (WPC) biocomposites, a promising blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and lignocellulosic fillers, are the subject our study. We used bark sawdust at 40, 50, 60% as PLA fillers. innovative use ion implantation to modify surface properties produced could have significant implications. Argon ions were in three dosages (1 × 1015, 1 1016, 1017 cm-2) an accelerating voltage 60 kV. modified then analyzed for changes wettability, energy, color. Our findings demonstrate...

The paper presents the results of research on microstructure bacterial cellulose (BC-SP) obtained a medium containing sweet potato peel, which was compared to synthetic sucrose and peptone (BC-N). properties were analyzed using methods: size exclusion chromatography (SEC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), computer microtomograph (X-ray micro-CT). BC-SP characterized by higher degree polymerization (5680) lower porosity (1.45%) than BC-N (4879, 3.27%). These give...

The paper presents the preliminary results of cellulose modification by ion implantation. Three types ions were implanted, i.e., copper, zinc and silver with fluences 5 × 1014 1015 cm−2, respectively. acceleration voltage implanted was 30 kV. penetration depth profiles showed differences, especially in Cu Ag cases, due to different beams these elements. implantation clearly changed wettability material surface direction hydrophobicity. impact on growth mold fungi also noticeable. Only had a...

This work carried out research to determine the possibilities of using graphene oxide provide wood with new functional features. With saturation parameters used and working liquid a concentration 0.004% oxide, retention nanomaterial in was 0.25 kg/m3. The presence increased crystallinity 64% (compared 57% for unmodified wood). TG/DTG spectra impregnated control indicated that initial weight loss samples observed at temperature 100 °C similar amounted less than 4%. A second mass range 270 380...

The design of composites offers extensive opportunities for controlling parameters and utilizing diverse materials, including those sourced from recycling or waste streams. In this study, biocomposites were developed using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pomace derived oilseed plants such as evening primrose, gold pleasure, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, mixed in a 1:1 ratio. These evaluated their structural, mechanical, morphological, thermal properties, well vulnerability to overgrowth by...

The influence of bacterial cellulose gel film pretreatment methods on the efficiency enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. An increase in due to liquid hot water or steam explosion shown. glucose yield 88% obtained from raw, non-purified, treated at 130 °C. results confirm potential as a source for biofuel production.

Wettability of the surface bacterial cellulose film modified with low energy ion implantation The paper presents preliminary results modification on water wettability cellulose, using method. Two kinds ions noble gases, i.e. helium and argon were implanted fluences 1e15 nand 1e16 cm-2, 60 keV. measurements contact angle values show different influence both types hydrophobicity but increases in all cases. real investigations supplemented modelling depth profiles main parameters modelled peaks.

Results of research on the diversity wood-rot fungi found in buildings and outdoor wooden engineering structures Poland are presented this article. A total 47 species genera from Basidiomycota (19 brown rot fungi, 28 white fungi) 1 genus Ascomycota (1 fungus that does not cause wood decay) were damaged buildings. The greatest number was reported (33 species), followed by unoccupied residential (30 species). lowest occupied (20 34 all examined structures, out which 17 caused rot, 16 did decay.

The production of environmentally friendly biocomposites can be based on attractive and low-cost vegetable pomace, a waste product from oil production. In the present study, made HDPE pomace black cumin, corn, flax seeds were subjected to evaluation structural, morphological, thermal parameters susceptibility germination by filamentous fungi. Based characteristics produced biocomposites, it should concluded that production, applied at 1:1 ratio as filler for polyethylene-based significantly...

Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) was thermally modified in superheated steam at 160 °C, 190 and 220 °C for 2 h. The research identified correlations between the chemical composition selected mechanical properties of wood. higher treatment temperatures significantly lowered modulus rupture (MOR) Brinell hardness (BH). These were particularly apparent (190 °C) when wood experienced stronger hemicelluloses degradation, which indicated by an increase content non-structural substances. including...

This study investigated the effect of homogenization bacterial cellulose particles and their reintegration into a membrane on mechanical physical parameters films produced from them in relation to made native (not subjected process). Bacterial was obtained culture microorganisms forming conglomerate bacteria yeast, called SCOBY. The research has shown that modification contributes an increase elongation material. Modified polymer were characterized by higher Young’s modulus much breaking...

This research studied the phenolic content compared with antioxidant properties of various O. vulgare (Lamiaceae) cultivars grown in Poland. The results this paper indicate that dominant ingredient all oregano was rosmarinic acid, known for its strong properties. highest amounts acid (87.16 ± 4.03 mg/g dm) were identified spp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. Other metabolites extracts include luteolin O-di-glucuronide-O-di-pentoside (30.79 0.38 dm ‘Aureum’ cultivar), 4′-O-glucopyranosyl-3′,...

In this work, pine and birch wood were modified by graphene oxide using a single vacuum impregnation method. The research results indicate that the of with increases crystallinity cellulose in both wood, increase observed case was more significant than pine. FT-IR analyses samples impregnated showed changes intensity absorption bands 400-600, 700-1500 cm-1, 3200-3500 cm-1 peak separation 1102 which may new C-O-C connections. birch, only some differences noticed related to vibrations OH...

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) combine the properties of plastics and lignocellulosic fillers. A particular limitation in their use is usually a hydrophobic, poorly wettable surface. The surface materials can be modified using ion implantation. research involved based on polyethylene (PE) filled with sawdust or bark (40%, 50%, 60%). Their surfaces were by argon implantation three fluencies (1 × 1015, 1 1016, 1017 cm−2) at an accelerating voltage 60 kV. Changes wettability, energy, colour...

Due to the content of lignocellulosic particles, wood plastic composites (WPC) can be attacked by both domestic and mold fungi. Household fungi reduce mechanical properties composites, while aesthetics products changing their color surface decomposition substance. As part this study, impact fillers in form sawdust bark poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based biocomposites on susceptibility growth was determined. The evaluation samples fouled with performed computer analysis image. For comparison,...

Studies on the diversity of substrate composition in culture medium Kombucha microorganisms and its influence quality synthesized cellulose. The paper presents results assessment effect nutrients, specifically different nitrogen concentrations growth microorganisms, morphology cellulose produced sorption capacity. Analyzing obtained research results, we found that polymers formed environments differ morphological structure swelling index. a nitrogen-rich were characterized by multilayer...