Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) was thermally modified in nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of the modification process on wood were evaluated for temperatures: 160 °C, 190 and 220 °C applied 2 h; 6 h. percentual impact temperature time properties analysed. study permitted identification correlations between chemical composition selected physical wood. dimensional stability improved after thermal nitrogen. higher modification, lower equilibrium moisture content (EMC) black poplar. At EMC two...

Abstract The way of trees adaptation to environments is a vital concern. Presented research focused on wood tissue diversity in terms the juvenile proportion (wood located near pith and structure properties different from outer zone, called as mature wood), an important characteristic for properties, assess evolutionary functional impact genetic variations. In this paper, material experimental provenance plot Poland (Rogów) was presented. tested were grown at same time, soil period but...

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widespread species throughout Europe and at the same time dominant in Polish forests of key importance wood industry. Pine stands are subjected to numerous environmental stresses, one them different physico-chemical biological properties post-agricultural soils compared forest soils, which may affect resulting its industrial suitability. The research material taken height 1.3 m from tree trunks (breast diameter, dbh) form sections discs was collected an...

This work contains the preliminary results of research into technical quality wood from Scots pine trees diverse genetic origin, grown on an experimental plot at Forest Experimental Station in Rogów. The following are parent stands, numbered: 5 (the Tucholskie 130 m a.s.l.), 7 Napiwodzko–Ramuckie 145 10 Piska 12 Biała 95 13 Namysłowsko–Ostrzeszowskie 190 15 Knyszyńska 165 and 16 Nowotarskie 590 a.s.l.). tested was obtained 2018 aged 52 years. material came 100 total. After felling, two logs...

Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) was subjected to thermal modification in superheated steam. The performed at 160 °C, 190 and 220 °C for 2 h. equilibrium moisture content of the black wood examined when it exposed 76% ± 2% relative humidity a temperature 20 °C. changed its moisture-exchange-related physical properties large extent. effects on individual (density, mass loss, hygroscopicity, swelling, water absorption) were diverse, intensity these increased with increasing treatment process....

Wood species from Africa, South America and Europe, primarily used as a fl ooring construction material, were acquired for the study.Wettability was determined using measurement of contact angle wood with reference liquids (water, diiodomethane) based on sessile drop method.Surface free energy tangential sections within fi rst 60 s after applying determined.Among tropical zone, greatest hydrophobicity, similar to oak wood, characteristic courbaril wood.After s, value surface heartwood...

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects two machining processes on European oak wood surface characteristics. relationships between wettability, free energy and methods were studied. Sawing slicing, with or without sanding, used prepare surfaces prior testing whether they produce different For machined by slicing sawing, there a significant difference in contact angle measurements. This indicates that influence such as sawing value is remarkable. Sanded showed good...

Fast-growing poplar trees from plantations are the source of inexpensive wood that is intended mainly for chemical processing in pulp and paper industry. Their potential as raw material biofuel manufacturing widely discussed well. The detailed composition this therefore an important question. Five species poplars were investigated: Populus alba, P. maximowiczii, trichocarpa, nigra, tremula. Wood a consisting lignocellulose, but there also many extractives. In temperate zone climate they...

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important forest tree species in Europe, and its wood a main raw material industry many countries region. The high variability density connection with moisture content challenge transport operations. An part roundwood by trucks large-size (sawlogs). As research, an analysis was carried out influence absolute content, determined various ways, on selected truck parameters wood. analyses supply to large sawmill northern Poland took into...

Transport of wood biomass is one the key operations in forestry and industry. An important part transport shredded wood, where most common forms are chips sawdust. The aim research was to present variability total weight trucks (gross vehicle weight, GVW), empty (tare), loads sawdust different periods year. Changes specific parameters were analyzed: GVW; tare weight; trailer capacity; use load bulk volume density loads; solid cubic meter (m3) 1m3 load; depending on season, with simultaneous...

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood is the most frequently used building material in old churches of Central Poland. In article, density and compressive strength heartwood samples taken from sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth century were examined. The properties compared with contemporary similar density. results showed better quality ancient as to modern wood.

Abstract This work concerns basic research on the concept of wood hardness in a sense similar to Brinell or modified Monnin. The experimental part this article is based carried out beech with six indenters: three ball indenters 10, 15 and 30 mm cylindrical mm. On basis measurements for wide range loads, relations analogous Meyer power law were obtained, exponent determined both balls equal 5/2 cylinders 3/2. These exponents turned be exactly arithmetic mean ideally elastic plastic bodies....

The wood of five European species: black poplar (Populus nigra L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica ash (Fraxinus excelsior oak (Quercus robur and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was subjected to thermal modification in nitrogen atmosphere at 190 °C during 6 h. Native modified varnished oiled industrial conditions. Thermally (TM) characterized by a greater absorption varnish oil when applying the first layer surface, which finally resulted higher application values compared native wood. In...

The research was conducted on five once-blooming different origin historical roses. aims were establishing differences in the anatomical structure of shoots taken four maturity stages and their natural ability to roots creating. There hypothesized, that changes occur time flowering may affect rhizogenesis. Single node one leaf cuttings chosen cultivars cut from phases: flower buds closed, all flowers open, just after 7-14 days petal fall. planted multipot trays peat substrate without using...

Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) was thermally modified in superheated steam at 160 °C, 190 and 220 °C for 2 h. The research identified correlations between the chemical composition selected mechanical properties of wood. higher treatment temperatures significantly lowered modulus rupture (MOR) Brinell hardness (BH). These were particularly apparent (190 °C) when wood experienced stronger hemicelluloses degradation, which indicated by an increase content non-structural substances. including...

The main objective of this research was to determine the fibre saturation point tropical wood.Two different methods were used achieve aim: logarithm strength properties versus moisture content and volumetric shrinkage-moisture plot zero shrinkage.The test included selected wood species from Africa: Opepe, Iroko, African padouk, Wenge, South America: American mahogony Ipe.For comparison, domestic a similar structure -European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) -were also tested.Determination using...

The purpose of the study was to determine infl uence artifi cial weathering on selected properties wood.This paper presents changes incompressive strength wood along fi bers.The involved different density and anatomy -17 species tropical commercially available in Europe Scots pine European oak.The specimens were exposed consisting soaking water, drying at 70 °C exposure UV radiation.Three-step aging cycle repeated 140 times.In general, tested changed their compressive differently under...

Most old roses are difficult to root when propagated by cuttings. This research focused on the response of stem cuttings Rosa “Hurdal” plant origin preparations used as rhizogenesis enhancers through changes anatomical structure basal part stem. Cuttings derived from shoots in four phenological stages were prepared for experiment: flower buds closed (H1); fully flowering (H2); immediately after petals have fallen (H3); 7–14 days (H4). The treated with 0.4% indole butyric acid (IBA;...

Abstract The tension wood (TW) of Tilia cordata (lime tree) does not contain gelatinous fibers. Based on anatomical studies secondary phloem (secPhl) and xylem by means microscopy, digital imaging, biomechanical tests, it was hypothesized that there is an interaction between the as a response gravitropic forces lateral branches. goal present study to check this hypothesis. results demonstrated dilated rays are longer wider upper side (US) branch compared lower (LS) ratio fiber/ray parenchyma...

An investigation of selected properties teak wood from 9-year-old plantation in Indonesia. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) listed standard EN 13556:2003 (code TEGR) is known as the most popular species tropical countries, especially It has not only good qualities physical and mechanical properties, but it also an aesthetics pattern. The best usually more than 80 years old. too long a period time cannot fulfil current demand. To increasing demand, researchers Indonesia have developed short...

Oriental arborvitae is not fully characterized in terms of its microscopic structure or physical mechanical properties. Moreover, there a lot contradictory information the literature about oriental arborvitae, especially structure. Therefore, sapwood (S) and heartwood (H) Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco from Central Europe were subjected to examinations. The presence helical thickenings was found earlywood tracheids (E). Latewood (L) by similar thickness radial tangential walls diameter...

Abstract This study is on the ecological aspects and interest of State Forest National Forests Holding (SF) units in reinforcing ground subgrade by using timber raft construction brushwood mattresses forest road construction. The aim was to analyse technical parameters roads made a reinforced with mattresses. As part research, scope SF units’ application technological solutions existing district substructure were determined. A reference sections different variants timbers logs (oak, pine)...

A test method was developed to evaluate the surface characteristics of veneers produced using peeling process. Rotary cut Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) veneers, which were from logs soaked at 65 °C for 42 h prior and dried 125 °C, used as specimens. The under industrial conditions. density variation round wood determined X-ray computed tomography, thickness measured an optical microscope, structure examined a scanning electron microscope. characterised by in transverse section. At same...