Increased connectivity of high-order association regions in the neocortex has been proposed as a defining feature human brain evolution. At present, however, there are limited comparative data to examine this claim fully. We tested hypothesis that distribution neuropil across areas humans differs from one our closest living relatives, common chimpanzee. The provides proxy measure total within local region because it is composed mostly dendrites, axons, and synapses. Using image analysis...

Integrin-based adhesion complexes link the cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix (ECM) and are central construction of multicellular animal tissues. How biological function emerges from tens thousands proteins present within a single complex remains unclear. We used fluorescent molecular tension sensors visualize force transmission by individual integrins in living cells. These measurements revealed an underlying functional modularity which integrin class controlled size ECM ligand...

Early host responses toward pathogens are essential for defense against infection. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the transcription factor, SKN-1, regulates cellular defenses during xenobiotic intoxication and bacterial However, constitutive activation of SKN-1 results in pleiotropic outcomes, including a redistribution somatic lipids to germline, which impairs health shortens lifespan. Here, we show that exposing C. elegans Pseudomonas aeruginosa similarly drives rapid depletion somatic, but...

Abstract Failure to precisely distinguish malignant from healthy tissue has severe implications for breast cancer surgical outcomes. Clinical prognoses depend on distinguishing during surgery. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) been previously shown differentiate benign in real time. However, the cost, assembly effort, and technical expertise needed construction implementation of technique have prohibited widespread adoption. Recently, spectrometers developed non-medical uses become commercially...

Fatty acids affect a number of physiological processes, in addition to forming the building blocks membranes and body fat stores. In this study, we uncover role for monounsaturated fatty acid oleate innate immune response nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. From an RNAi screen regulators defense genes, identified two stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturases that synthesize C. We show synthesis is necessary pathogen-mediated induction genes. Accordingly, elegans deficient production are hypersusceptible...

Olfactory neurons allow animals to discriminate nutritious food sources from potential pathogens. From a forward genetic screen, we uncovered surprising requirement for the olfactory neuron gene olrn-1 in regulation of intestinal epithelial immunity Caenorhabditis elegans. During nematode development, is required program expression odorant receptors AWC pair. Here, show that also functions cell non-autonomous suppression canonical p38 MAPK PMK-1 immune pathway intestine. Low activity OLRN-1,...

Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are ligand-gated transcription factors that control adaptive host responses following recognition of specific endogenous or exogenous ligands. Although NHRs have expanded dramatically in C. elegans compared to other metazoans, the biological function only a few these genes has been characterized detail. Here, we demonstrate an NHR can activate anti-pathogen transcriptional program. Using genetic epistasis experiments, transcriptome profiling analyses and...

Mechanical forces drive critical cellular processes that are reflected in mechanical phenotypes, or mechanotypes, of cells and their microenvironment. We present here "Rupture And Deliver" Tension Gauge Tethers (RAD-TGTs) which flow cytometry is used to record the history thousands exerting on surroundings via propensity rupture immobilized DNA duplex tension probes. demonstrate RAD-TGTs recapitulate prior probe studies while also yielding a gain fluorescence force-generating cell detectable...

Abstract Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2 year survival rates of 6.7% (Stupp et al. in J Clin Oncol Off Am Soc 25:4127–4136, 2007; Mohammed Rep Pract Radiother 27:1026–1036, 2002). One key characteristic the disease ability glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy tissue (Lefranc 23:2411–2422, 2005; Hoelzinger Natl Cancer Inst 21:1583–1593, 2007). To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it important...

With the evolution of a relatively large brain size in haplorhine primates (i.e. tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans), there have been associated changes molecular machinery that delivers energy to neocortex. Here we investigated variation lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression isoenzyme composition neocortex striatum using quantitative Western blotting analysis total homogenates synaptosomal fractions. Analysis isoform revealed LDH fractions from both forebrain regions shifted towards...

Abstract Cell migration and traction are essential to many biological phenomena, one of their key features is sensitivity substrate stiffness, which biophysical models, such as the motor‐clutch model cell simulator can predict explain. However, these models have not accounted for finite size adhesions, spatial distribution forces within adhesions. Here, we derive an expression that relates varying adhesion radius ( R ) force (described by s effective stiffness κ sub ), a function Young's...

Abstract Integrin-based adhesion complexes link the cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix (ECM) and are central construction of multicellular animal tissues. How biological function emerges from 10s-1000s proteins present within a single complex has remained unclear. We used fluorescent molecular tension sensors visualize force transmission by individual integrins in living cells. These measurements revealed an underlying functional modularity which integrin class controlled size ECM ligand...

Journal Article Identifying the Mechanism of Glioblastoma Cell Migration in Mouse Brain Slices Get access Sarah M Anderson, Anderson University Minnesota, Department Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David J Odde Corresponding author: oddex@umn.edu Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 29, Issue Supplement_1, 1 August 2023, Pages 1066–1067, https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad067.546 Published: 22 July 2023

Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2-year survival rates of 6.7% [1], [2]. One key characteristic the disease ability glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy tissue[3], [4]. To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it important understand fundamental mechanism driving migration in tissue. Here we utilized confocal imaging measure traction dynamics speeds mouse organotypic slices identify mode migration....

Abstract Mechanical force is a key driver of cellular processes and dysregulated in many diseases. Measuring tensions to elucidate mechanotransduction pathways typically involves high-resolution but low throughput imaging surfaces arduous experimental preparation materials. We present here Rupture Deliver DNA-duplex based molecular tension sensors-RAD-TGTs. RAD-TGTs consist immobilized DNA duplexes conjugated ligand indicator (fluorophore, barcode etc) which rupture force-dependent manner...