A5070299884- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Sex work and related issues
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Child Development and Digital Technology
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
- Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Selenium in Biological Systems
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2020-2024
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2011-2020
Johns Hopkins University
2010-2018
University of Malawi
2014-2018
Background. Both wasting and obesity are associated with inflammation, but the extent to which body weight changes influence inflammation during human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown.
Background: Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation a potential explanation. Methods: Inflammatory markers [interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ–induced protein 10, C-reactive (CRP), lipopolysaccharide, sCD14] were measured weeks 0, 24, 48 after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) random subcohort (n = 215) who achieved virologic...
This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that HIV-related stigma would function as a barrier uptake of HIV testing and knowledge self-efficacy serve facilitators. We also hypothesized exposure behavior-change campaign be associated with lower levels higher self-efficacy. conducted two separate cross-sectional surveys part Malawi BRIDGE Project, including one at baseline in eight districts (n = 891), another mid-term four 881). knowledge, self-efficacy, lack were positively testing....
Abstract Background Maternal vaccinations against Influenza, Pertussis, and Covid-19 are recommended in the UK, vaccines further infections may become available soon. However, many pregnant women, especially socially ethnically diverse areas, have low vaccine uptake. Qualitative studies on reasons possible solutions needed that inclusive of disadvantaged minority ethnic groups. We therefore aimed to understand complex interplay between structural behavioural factors contributing maternal...
Libya had one of the world's largest nosocomial HIV outbreaks in late 1990 s leading to detention 6 foreign medical workers. They were released 2007 after Libyan Government and European Union agreed humanitarian cooperation that included development Libya's first National Strategy research reported this article. Despite absence sound evidence on status dynamics epidemic, some officials posited injecting drug use was main mode transmission. We therefore sought assess prevalence related risk...
Background Publications on Libya's HIV epidemic mostly examined the victims of tragic nosocomial outbreak in 1990s and related dispute about detention foreign medical workers. The resolution 2003 included an agreement with European Union humanitarian cooperation development first National Strategy. As part this we conducted bio-behavioural survey among men having sex (MSM) female workers (FSW). Methods Using respondent-driven sampling, a cross-sectional study to estimate prevalence HIV,...
Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized.We conducted a case-cohort study (n = 332) within randomized trial comparing 3 ART regimens 1571 HIV treatment-naive adults from 9 countries. A subcohort 30 patients was randomly selected each country 270). Cases 77;...
Background Patent medicine vendors (PMV) provide antimalarial treatment and care throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, can play an important role in the fight against malaria. Their close-to-client infrastructure could enable lifesaving artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) to reach patients time. However, systematic assessments of drug sellers' performance quality are crucial if their is be managed within health system. Lot assurance sampling (LQAS) efficient method monitor evaluate PMV...
Vitamin D has wide-ranging effects on the immune system, and studies suggest that low serum vitamin levels are associated with worse clinical outcomes in HIV. Recent have identified an interaction between antiretrovirals used to treat HIV reduced levels, but these been done North American European populations.Using a prospective cohort study design nested multinational trial, we examined effect of three combination antiretroviral (cART) regimens 270 cART-naïve, HIV-infected adults nine...
Abstract Objectives We adapted a rapid quality of care monitoring method to fragile state with two aims: assess the delivery child health services in South Sudan at time independence and strengthen local capacity perform regular facility assessments. Methods Using two‐stage lot assurance sampling ( LQAS ) design, we conducted national cross‐sectional survey among 156 randomly selected facilities 10 states. In each these facilities, obtained information on range access, input, process...
Background. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces genital tract human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) load and the risk of sexual transmission, but little is known about efficacy cART for decreasing viral (GTVL) differences in sex or HIV-1 subtype.
A case-cohort analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) was performed within a multicountry randomized trial (PEARLS) to assess the prevalence persistently elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, based on serial measurements CRP and their association with HIV clinical failure. level in plasma (defined as ≥ 5 mg/L at both baseline 24 weeks after ART initiation) observed 50 205 (24%). but not an only single time point...
Background. Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment outcomes, yet their joint effect not known. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence factors in HIV infection determine whether CRP jointly predict post-ART. Methods. A case-cohort (N = 470 [236...
A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression after ART initiation. Cases were HIV-1 infected adults either clinical failure (incident World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks) virologic 24...
Abstract Objective To quantify the effects of a series text messages (safetxt) delivered in community on incidence chlamydia and gonorrhoea reinfection at one year people aged 16-24 years. Design Parallel group randomised controlled trial. Setting 92 sexual health clinics United Kingdom. Participants People years with diagnosis of, or treatment for, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, non-specific urethritis past two weeks who owned mobile phone. Interventions 3123 participants assigned to safetxt...
Abstract Background. We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods. performed a case-control study ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) 96. Controls randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon...
We adapted a rapid monitoring method to South Sudan, new nation with one of the world's highest maternal and child mortality rates, aiming assess coverage maternal, neonatal health (MNCH) services at time independence, introducing evaluation system (M&E) for equity-sensitive tracking progress related Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 5 national, state county levels detect local variability.We conducted national cross-sectional household survey among women from six client populations in...
Introduction Is achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 (building peaceful societies) a precondition for achieving SDG 3 (health and well-being in all societies, including conflict-affected countries)? Do health system investments countries waste resources or benefit the public’s health? To answer these questions, we examine maternal, newborn, child reproductive (MNCRH) service provision during protracted conflicts economic shocks Republic South Sudan between 2011 (at...
Various individual biomarkers of inflammation and micronutrient status, often correlated with each other, are associated adverse treatment outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. The objective this study was to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on multiple identify biomarker groupings (factors) determine their association HIV clinical failure (CTF) incident active tuberculosis (TB). Within a multicountry randomized trial antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy...