A major challenge in satellite imaging is the wide-ranging brightness levels within a single frame, which can lead to inadequate exposure shaded regions and overexposure bright areas. This research proposes two-stage deep learning architecture, Region of Interest-focused Dynamic Enhancement (RoIDE), for multi-exposure generation fusion. The first stage generates multiple exposures from standard dynamic range (SDR) image, capturing details across different levels. second fuses these images...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <?Pub Dtl=""?>This paper describes experimental approaches to analyze the effect of substrate noise on phase-locked loop (PLL) performance. Spectral analysis considering transfer functions PLL is used identify substrate-noise sensitive components PLL. Analyzing sidebands seen in a spectrum analyzer confirms importance knowing dynamics and functions. It also leads conclusion that blocks other than...

Content Addressable Memories find wide use in network routers and certain image processing applications. However, their is limited due to high power demand resulting from activity factor. A banked CAM, on the other hand, partitions entire CAM into smaller banks cut down excessive searches, while it may reduce effective size when data entries are unevenly distributed. new design introduced this paper which achieves significant energy savings through of Bloom Filters by effectively decoupling...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper proposes a new IDD sensor for built-in self-test (BIST) applications digital, analog, and mixed- signal circuits. novel, wide-band, nonintrusive, process temperature-stable operates up to 230 MHz, which is 2.3<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex></formula> faster than previously proposed designs, occupies 78.3% less area another competing design. A BIST utilizing this novel...

For ultra-fine pixel pitch focal plane array (FPA) applications, flip-chip hybridization has advantages including high I/O density and short distance between the photodiode (PDA) readout integrated circuit (ROIC). Indium become primary interconnect material because of its ductility at low temperature. Successful mating large format die becomes increasingly difficult, however, for finer applications where bumps are shorter, as tolerance bowing is low. Simultaneously, epoxy filling process...

Sensors Unlimited Inc. (SUI), a Collins Aerospace Company, has developed large-area, high-speed, short-wave infrared (SWIR) focal plane array (FPA) to meet the field-of-view (FOV) and bandwidth requirements of LiDAR applications. Modifications SUI's standard InGaAs photodiode (PDA), include junction shape, dielectric thickness, contact metallization. These changes allow for reduction in effective capacitance seen by hybridized FPA's readout integrated circuit (ROIC) while preserving...

This paper presents a fault isolation method using the digital signatures from LNA BIST solution. The localization capabilities of functional test and data analysis methods are demonstrated by circuit level simulation. Also discussion efficacy this is given. Results showed that only 16% resistive faults examined here cannot be mapped to its specification location in LNA.

Sensors Unlimited Inc. (SUI), a Collins Aerospace company, has developed short wave infrared (SWIR) photodetector device structure using isolated mesa pixels to improve the detector modulation transfer function (MTF), an important parameter in determining overall image quality of camera system. A combination fabrication and simulation been used evaluate design manufacturability various morphologies. Because formation entails both removal some portion active region introduction non- planar...

This paper presents a charge pump-phase locked loop (CP-PLL) that utilizes frequency-modulated analog-to-digital converter (FM-ADC) as part of calibration circuit to compensate for process variations and intemperate operating environments. The circuitry first detects the shift in conditions, then dynamically adjusts bandwidth back its nominal range guarantee phase lock all four corners typical case, across telecommunications temperature 0 80 <sup...

A novel approach is used to identify the substrate-noise sensitive components of a phase-locked loop (PLL) using tank (LC) voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Using passive noise injection pads capacitively connected substrate, continuous wave (CW) injected into substrate. The frequency response PLL measured as near dc, reference clock frequency, and VCO frequency. Analyzing spurs seen in spectrum analyzer leads conclusion that other blocks can be more substrate coupling than VCO, depending on

A novel architecture for a CMOS image sensor that incorporates column-level sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter is presented. An indirect-feedback readout where the digital output of ΣΔ modulator accumulated by counter and converted to an analog voltage serves as reference which buffered photodiode compared shown. time-domain pixel simulator enables assessment major noise contributors in this type imager also Theoretical calculations align with simulation results, showing minimum...

A novel architecture for a CMOS image sensor that incorporates column-level sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter is presented. An indirect-feedback readout where the digital output of ΣΔ modulator accumulated by counter and converted to an analog voltage serves as reference in modulator's comparator employed. time-domain pixel simulator enables assessment major noise contributions this type imager also Theoretical calculations agree with simulation results, showing minimum 2.18e-...

Improved situational awareness using SWIR is of upmost importance to many SUI's, a Collins Aerospace company, customers. SUI's proprietary Asynchronous Laser Pulse Detection (aka MMT, Multi-Mode Tracking) methodology facilitates the detection, tracking, and decode NIR-SWIR lasers at pixel level all ambient lighting conditions without compromising imaging performance. This paper describes advancing this technology for improved hostile detection. The main challenge detection infrared...

Enhancing the detection of small objects in satellite imagery is paramount importance for applications such as military surveillance and security monitoring. The challenge lies addressing issues low resolution image noise, which often lead to edge blurring complicate object detection. This paper investigates super-resolutionenhanced detection, particularly ships images, employing a transformer-based architecture designed emphasize improve sharpness. proposed model eliminates window attention...

Sensors Unlimited Inc. (SUI), a Raytheon Company, continues to expand its sensor portfolio through the development of time-of-flight (TOF) capable technologies. The utility SWIR for active TOF solutions is particular interest due inherent eye safety characteristic. SUI developing technologies both at detector and readout integrated circuit (ROIC) layers focal plane array (FPA). In this work, will offer updates internal efforts comprising areas as it pertains <br/> presents an update on PIN...

The value proposition for Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) includes capabilities beyond standard passive, low-noise imaging. Sensors Unlimited Inc. (SUI), a Raytheon Technologies Company, has expanded its multi-mode tracking (MMT) portfolio with the development of two new solutions, each which offers laser range finding (LRF) capability. SWIR Pocket Scope-MMT (SPS-MMT) sets gold asynchronous pulse detection (ALPD) and passive imaging, internally dubbed MMT, in hand-held solution. SUI's now variant...

As customer demand for infrared laser sensors increases, so too does the need low cost, readily manufacturable SWIR imaging systems capable of asynchronous pulse detection (ALPD). Sensors Unlimited, Inc., an RTX company, presents recent advancements in its APLD products tailored toward high volume production and broad deployment. Detectors based on SUI's multi-mode tracking (MMT) readout integrated circuit (ROIC) have been adapted uncooled operation over a wide temperature range, enabling...

This paper reviews the camera development efforts at Sensors Unlimited Inc. (SUI), a Collins Aerospace company, focused on serving multi-mode short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) applications while maintaining low size, weight, and power (SWaP) footprint. Increasingly over last decade, end users have looked to SWIR support not only low-noise passive imaging, but also active illumination applications. Hence, cameras that include provisions specifically both modalities, been given moniker,...

Abstract This article presents and describes in detail an interactive method of teaching gathering feedback from students by applying internet‐based survey systems utilizing smart devices. Real‐time results are monitored analyzed university staff the lecturers, these visible to other as well. The presented is probably fastest easiest way receive while increasing their interest participation lectures laboratory work. proposed combines multiple means students, which include surveys,...

A process-invariant calibration circuit, capable of correcting performance errors in charge-pump based PLLs is described. Process variations detrimentally affect all building blocks standard PLL architectures. Utilizing a novel ADC, these are sensed and corrected. The self-calibration circuitry non-intrusive requires minimal area power overhead. case study 2.4GHz ring VCO-based designed TSMC's 0.18mum CMOS mixed-signal technology given. able to sense calibrate under four process corners as...

Impedance matching is present in every radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit (IC). Matching networks are implemented receiver, transmitter and inter-stage circuits. At lower carrier frequencies the significance of impedance far less than at higher frequencies. As modern RF systems tend to employ frequencies, topic becomes more essential. A thoroughly designed network can significantly improve parameters a block given frequency. Various software tools have been created order address this...

The paper proposes a practical methodology for analyzing the impact of substrate noise in any sensitive circuit. From this methodology, figure merit (FOM) is presented which can be used to compute sensitivity circuit node noise. Simulations CMOS LNA prove usefulness approach as an expeditious, yet effective, means determining portions most

This paper proposes a non-intrusive testing methodology for CMOS RF LNAs using the gain of LNA as test response to examine effects particular set spot defects. The impact four types resistive bridging faults is analyzed on practical example. A performance threshold each fault location established. Initial results show not only that use an ADC possible, but also it highly accurate device LNAs. discussion about both strengths and limitations this approach included.

This paper presents two self-calibrating charge pump phase locked loop (CP-PLL) architectures, the first utilizing a ring VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) and second implemented using LC-tank VCO. Each design utilizes frequency-modulated analog-to-digital converter(s) (FM ADCs) as part of calibration circuit to compensate for process temperature (PT) variations. For VCO-based PLL, compensation is achieved over all four corners temperatures 0°C, 27°C, 60°C by dynamically modifying...