Selection of movement in normal subjects has been shown to involve the premotor, supplementary motor, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal, and dorsolateral prefrontal areas. In Parkinson's disease (PD), primary pathological change is degeneration nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections, this associated with difficulty initiating actions. We wished investigate effect nigral abnormality PD on cortical activation during movement. Using C15O2 positron emission tomography (PET), we studied...

<h3>Abstract</h3> This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths cases in general population all U.S. states. has higher symptomatic infection rates among elderly, suggesting closures could be unrelated to transmission. However, predicting daily cumulative by state, earlier is related fewer per capita slower growth capita. Results are similar for

Abstract Using positron emission tomography (PET) we previously showed that activation of the putamen, supplementary motor area, and cingulate cortex is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) when they are off treatment perform volitional tasks. Evidence suggests these areas involved generation internally cued movements normal subjects. We have now studied effect dopamine agonist apomorphine on cerebral used to treat akinesia PD. Regional blood flow was measured using C 15 O 2...

Abstract Equilibrium striatal: cerebellar 11 C‐raclopride (RAC) uptake ratios reflect the density of striatal dopamine D 2 binding sites. Using positron emission tomographic scanning we have measured RAC in 6 untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 5 chronically treated PD and a fluctuating response to L ‐dopa, 10 striatonigral degeneration (SND), 9 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Regional cerebral blood flow was determined also, C 15 O . Mean strital: not significantly...

Abstract Regional cerebral blood flow was measured using H 2 15 O and positron emission tomography in a group of 6 patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia control subjects. Subjects were scanned while at rest when performing paced joystick movements freely chosen directions the right hand. Patients showed significant overactivity contralateral lateral premotor cortex, rostral supplementary motor area, Brodmann area 8, anterior cingulate 32, ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal bilateral...

Positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 12 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and six age-matched controls. Scans were performed at rest, while subjects stereotyped freely selected movements of a joystick their right hand. Statistical parametric mapping determine significant differences rCBF between the two groups rest during activation. The ALS group showed no difference global compared However, significantly (P < 0.01) reduced...

we measured striatal ¹⁸F-dopa influx constants (Ki) for 20 patients with isolated, predominantly postural, tremor (eight familial, 12 sporadic) and 11 rest tremor. Results were compared 30 controls 16 Parkinson9s disease (PD) patients. The eight familial essential (ET) had normal uptake. Two of the sporadic postural subnormal putamen Ki, one (who later became akinetic) falling in PD range. mean uptake was reduced to levels (51% normal). Our findings argue against an association...

It has been proposed recently that a deficit in keeping track of spatial locations may contribute to the severity unilateral neglect some right hemisphere stroke patients. However, performance on traditional working memory (SWM) tasks (e.g. Corsi blocks) might be confounded by failure encode leftward locations, rather than true maintaining SWM. Here we introduced new procedures for circumventing this measure SWM capacity neglect. In first experiment, 20 patients (10 with and 10 without...

We used 18F-dopa PET to examine concordance for dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in 18 co-twins patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and scanned one clinically concordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pair, 17 asymptomatic (10 MZ, 7 dizygotic [DZ]), 13 twins PD (8 5 DZ). Mean uptake was significantly reduced putamen 38% caudate 66% normal. also (86% normal), as tracer 10 MZ (87% normal) seven DZ (83% co-twin subgroups. Four two had more than 2 SDs below normal mean. Three these...

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Many stroke survivors, despite improvements in mortality and morbidity, remain dependent on others for everyday activities. People with need access to effective specialist multidisciplinary rehabilitation services that are organised integrated within the whole system of health social care. They also commonly come under care generalists various clinical contexts, including intercurrent illness. This <i>Clinical Medicine</i> Concise Guideline abstracts key recommendations...

<b>Objectives:</b> The recent National Service Framework for Long Term Conditions recommends that patients participate more in decision making about their care. However, few protocols exist to support this. One potentially useful method is goal setting, but little has been done evaluate the added value of increasing patient participation this way. Therefore, study examined impact an increased setting protocol a neurorehabilitation setting. <b>Design:</b> was AB optimised balance block design...

Background and Purpose— Evaluating the impact of new treatments requires use reliable, valid, responsive outcome measures. However, given wide range instruments currently available, it is not always straightforward for healthcare professionals to select most appropriate tool. In this review, we propose a potential approach scale selection. Methods— designing study robotic device in stroke rehabilitation, developed three-stage selection strategy. First, two guidance documents (Medical Outcome...

Nine L-dopa naïve patients with clinically diagnosed parkinsonism were studied using positron emission tomography 6-L-[18F]fluorodopa ([18F]dopa, a pre-synaptic tracer) and [11C]raclopride (which binds to D2 receptors). Putamen [18F]dopa uptake was reduced in all patients, confirming loss of function affecting the nigrostriatal projection. In eight putamen lowest (always contralateral most affected side) had highest binding, suggesting upregulation post-synaptic receptors. ninth patient...

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic pathway has been postulated to underlie symptomatology Tourette's syndrome. Presynaptic functional integrity terminals was assessed with 18F-dopa PET in 10 patients syndrome, three whom were drug free and seven on neuroleptic treatment. Dopamine D2 receptor site density measured 11C-raclopride a further group five Mean caudate putamen influx constants similar syndrome controls, there no difference striatal uptake between treated untreated groups. binding...

Purpose. Goal setting has been described as the core skill of rehabilitation professionals, but there is little information about patients understanding goal setting. This study explored how in-patients with neurological impairments experienced two different types and identified issues that underpin individuals' experience

Background The NSF for Long-term Neurological Conditions highlights the need vocational rehabilitation services. Although barriers to work people with MS (pwMS) have been clearly identified, there has little research that identifies type of support required. Objective To identify what pwMS require from a service in terms content and delivery. Design study Four focus groups pwMS, currently employment, were convened. These audio-taped analysed using constant comparison method. Results People...

We used conversation analysis of six audio- and video-recorded goal-setting meetings that were attended by patients their respective treating team to explore describe the interaction participants during interdisciplinary goal setting, identify strategies agree on goals. The health care professionals involved in sessions included four physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, one speech language therapist, neuropsychologist. 3 with multiple sclerosis, 2 spinal cord lesions, 1 patient...

Each year, about 150 000 people in the UK have a first or recurrent stroke.1 Despite health policies that place great emphasis on reducing stroke (such as National Stroke Strategy2) and improvements mortality morbidity, guidance is needed access to provision of effective rehabilitation services maximise quality life after stroke. This article summarises most recent recommendations from Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) long term stroke.3 NICE are based systematic reviews best...

Importance Trauma is a global disease and among the leading causes of disability in world. The importance outcome beyond trauma survival has been recognised over last decade. Despite this there no internationally agreed approach for assessment health rehabilitation patients. Objective To systematically examine to what extent outcomes measures evaluate patients with major trauma. Data Sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (from 2006–2012) were searched studies evaluating after traumatic injuries....