Metabolic imaging of the relative amounts reduced NADH and FAD microenvironment these metabolic electron carriers can be used to noninvasively monitor changes in metabolism, which is one hallmarks carcinogenesis. This study combines cellular redox ratio, lifetime, subcellular morphology three dimensions identify intrinsic sources structural contrast vivo at earliest stages cancer development. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) with depth within...

Biochemical estimation of NADH concentration is a useful method for monitoring cellular metabolism, because the NADH/NAD+ reduction-oxidation pair crucial electron transfer in mitochondrial chain. In this article, we present novel deriving functional maps intracellular ratio vivo via measurement fluorescence lifetimes and free protein-bound using two-photon lifetime imaging (FLIM). Through systematic analysis FLIM data from control cells, it was observed that there statistically significant...

Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a noninvasive, cellular resolution, 3-D functional technique. We investigate the potential for in vivo precancer diagnosis with metabolic via multiphoton FLIM of endogenous cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The dimethylbenz[]anthracene (DMBA)-treated hamster cheek pouch model oral carcinogenesis and MCF10A cell monolayers are imaged using at 780-nm excitation. cytoplasm normal epithelial cells has short...

A flexible and fast Monte Carlo-based model of diffuse reflectance has been developed for the extraction absorption scattering properties turbid media, such as human tissues. This method is valid a wide range optical easily adaptable to existing probe geometries, provided single phantom calibration measurement made. condensed Carlo was used speed up forward simulations. validated by use two sets liquid-tissue phantoms containing Nigrosin or hemoglobin absorbers polystyrene spheres...

In this study, we investigate the potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to differentiate cervical precancers from normal tissues, inflammation and metaplasia differentially diagnose low-grade high-grade precancers. Near infrared spectra were measured 36 biopsies 18 patients in vitro. Detection algorithms developed evaluated relative histopathologic examination. Algorithms based on empirically selected peak intensities, ratios intensities a combination principal component analysis for...

Analog and digital technologies are presented for precise measurement of propagation delay photons from source detector placed on portions the human body. The goal apparatus design is to quantify absorption (μa) scattering (μs′) induced by biological pigments structures, respectively. Body tissues highly with a mean distance between scatterers less than mm (at 700–850 nm). Significant mainly due 5%–10% tissue volume occupied blood. Measurement μa μs′ done both time frequency domain...

Laser-induced fluorescence at 337-nm excitation was used in vivo to differentiate neoplastic [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)], nonneoplastic abnormal (inflammation and human papilloma viral infection), normal cervical tissues. A colposcope (low-magnification microscope view the cervix with reflected light) identify 66 49 (5 inflammation, 21 virus infection, 23 CIN) sites on 28 patients. These were then interrogated spectroscopically. two-stage algorithm developed diagnose CIN. The...

Abstract— A portable fluorimeter was developed and utilized to acquire fluorescence spectra from 381 cervical sites in 95 patients at 337, 380 460 nm excitation immediately prior colposcopy. multivariate statistical algorithm used extract clinically useful information tissue acquired vivo. Two full‐parameter algorithms were using emission all three wavelengths (161 excitation‐emission wavelength pairs) for precancer (squamous intraepithelial lesion [SIL]) detection: a screening that...

Abstract This study characterizes the morphologic features and endogenous fluorescence in stratified squamous epithelia of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated hamster cheek pouch model carcinogenesis using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM). MPLSM allows high-resolution, three-dimensional image data to be collected deeper within thick tissue samples with reduced phototoxicity compared single-photon imaging. Three-dimensional stacks normal (n = 13), precancerous (dysplasia, n...

Autofluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful imaging technique that exploits endogenous fluorophores. The fluorophores NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are two of the principal electron donors acceptors in cellular metabolism, respectively. optical oxidation-reduction (redox) ratio measure metabolism can be determined by NADH/FAD. We hypothesized there would significant difference redox normal mammary epithelial cells compared with breast tumor cell lines estrogen receptor...

Goal: In this paper, we propose methods for (1) automatic feature extraction and classification acetic acid Lugol's iodine cervigrams (2) combining features/diagnosis of different contrasts in improved performance. Methods: We developed algorithms to pre-process pathology-labeled extract simple but powerful color textural-based features. The features were used train a support vector machine model classify based on corresponding pathology visual inspection with acid, iodine, combination the...

The goal of this study was to develop a compact fiber optic probe measure near infrared Raman spectra human cervical tissue in vivo for the clinical diagnosis precancers. A spectrometer and were designed, constructed tested. first tested using standards with known spectra, then used acquire from normal precancerous vivo. could be acquired 90 s incident powers comparable threshold limit values laser exposure skin. Although some silica signal obscured bands below 900 cm-1, features clearly...

A general multivariate statistical algorithm has been developed to analyze the diagnostic content of cervical tissue fluorescence spectra acquired in vivo.The primary steps are to: (1) preprocess data reduce inter-patient and intra-patient variation within a category, without priori information, (2) dimensionally preprocessed emission spectrum with minimal information loss use it select minimum number original variables required achieve classification negligible decrease predictive ability,...

Background and Objective The diagnostic contribution of cervical tissue fluorescence spectra acquired in vivo at 380 460 nm excitation were analyzed using a general multivariate statistical algorithm. Materials Methods primary steps the algorithm are to: (1) preprocess data to reduce interpatient intrapatient variation from same category, without priori information, (2) dimensionally preprocessed spectral Principal Component Analysis, (3) develop probability based classification scheme on...

The Monte Carlo-based inverse model of diffuse reflectance described in part I this pair companion papers was applied to the spectra a set 17 malignant and 24 normal-benign ex vivo human breast tissue samples. This allows extraction physically meaningful parameters, which include concentration absorbers size density scatterers present tissue. It assumed that intrinsic absorption could be attributed oxygenated deoxygenated hemoglobin beta-carotene, scattering modeled by spheres uniform...

Abstract We propose the use of a robust, biopsy needle–based, fiber-optic tool for routine clinical quantification tumor oxygenation at time diagnostic breast cancer. The purpose this study was to show diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as quantitative measure levels in vascular compartment cancers vivo via an optical technique. Thirty-five patients undergoing surgical treatment cancer were recruited Duke University Medical Center. Diffuse performed on tumors situ before resection, followed by...

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care biomedical research.

Introduction Current guidelines by WHO for cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries involves visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) of the cervix, followed treatment during same visit or a subsequent cryotherapy if suspicious lesion is found. Implementation these hampered lack of: trained health workers, reliable technology, access to facilities. A low cost ultra-portable Point Care Tampon based digital colposcope (POCkeT Colposcope) use at community level setting,...

Nonmalignant (n = 36) and malignant 20) tissue samples were obtained from breast cancer reduction surgeries. These tissues characterized using multiple excitation wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy diffuse reflectance in the ultraviolet-visible range, immediately after excision. Spectra then analyzed principal component analysis (PCA) as a data technique. PCA was performed on each spectrum, well spectrum individually, to establish set of components for spectrum. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test...