Reward learning has been shown to habitually guide overt spatial attention specific regions of a scene. However, the neural mechanisms that support this bias are unknown. In present study, participants learned orient themselves particular quadrant scene (a high-value quadrant) maximize monetary gains. This was scene-specific, with varying across different scenes. During subsequent test phase, were faster at identifying target if it appeared in (valid), and initial saccades more likely be...

Previously reward-associated stimuli persistently capture attention. We attempted to extinguish this attentional bias through a reversal learning procedure where the high-value color changed unexpectedly. Attentional priority shifted during training in favor of currently color, although residual toward original was still evident. Importantly, subsequent test phase, attention initially more strongly biased counter priorities evident at end training. Our results show that value-based biases do...

Learning from rewarding and aversive outcomes shapes how sensory signals are processed by the attention system, reflecting a consequence of selection history. Substantial evidence points to Pavlovian associative learning as mechanism which previously reward-associated aversively conditioned stimulus features gain attentional priority. On basis differences between reward-dependent feature-based space-based biases, it has been suggested that reinforcement underlies influence history on spatial...

jsPsych is a useful open-source library for building browser-based behavioral experiments over the internet. However, vision science involve unique considerations that are not well-accommodated by existing resources within jsPsych. In present article, we provide brief overview of our solutions to challenges such as response-dependent stimulus displays and accurate flexible presentation web browser. Our solutions, which include freely-available functions code accessible other researchers,...

ABSTRACT Reward learning has been shown to habitually guide spatial attention regions of a scene. However, the neural mechanisms that support this bias in orienting are unknown. In present study, participants learned orient particular quadrant scene (high-value quadrant) maximize monetary gains. This was scene-specific, with high-value varying across different scenes. During subsequent test phase, were faster at identifying target if it appeared (valid), and initial saccades more likely be...

Attention can be biased towards previously reward-associated stimuli even when they are task-irrelevant and physically non-salient, although studies of reward-modulated attention have been largely limited to primate (including human nonhuman) models. Birds shown the capacity discriminate reward spatial cues in a manner similar primates, but whether history involuntarily affects their same way remains unclear. We adapted cueing paradigm with differential rewards investigate how modulates...

Mental imagery and perceptual cues can influence subsequent visual search performance, but examination of this has been limited to low level features like colors shapes. The present study investigated how the two types low-level search, with realistic objects, executive attention. On each trial, participants were either presented a colored square or tasked using mental generate that could match target (valid trial) distractor (invalid in array followed (Experiments 1 3). In separate...

In addition to pain relief, previous research has shown that acetaminophen can blunt evaluative and emotional processing. The extent which these pharmacological effects of be attributed changes in attentional processing remains unknown. Here we used the blink (EAB) paradigm assess acetaminophen’s impact on emotion-attention interactions. EAB consists a rapid serial visual presentation 17 images last for 100ms each. Participants were instructed identify rotated image indicate its orientation...

The role of associative reward learning in guiding feature-based attention and spatial is well established. However, no studies have looked at the extent to which can modulate direction saccades during visual search. Here, we introduced a novel paradigm examine whether reward-associated directions eye movements performance different search tasks. Participants had fixate peripheral target before fixating one four disks that subsequently appeared each cardinal position. This was followed by...

Reward learning has been shown to guide spatial attention regions of a scene. However, the neural mechanisms that support this bias in orienting is unknown. We adapted an established paradigm for fMRI identify correlates reward-modulated orienting. From reward feedback, participants learned orient particular quadrant scene (high-value quadrant) maximize gains. This was scene-specific, with high-value varying across different scenes. During subsequent test phase, were faster at identifying...

Birds have been shown to discriminate reward cues and spatial in a manner similar primates, but the effects of selection history on attention birds remain unclear. Like eyesight is usually most critical modality for birds, allowing them fly, evade predators, forage food, evaluate potential mating partners. Here we used Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus Linnaeus 1758) as our avian model adapted cueing paradigm investigate how influenced by one particular component – history. Three female peahens...

Visual mental imagery has been shown to guide attentional selection, but how that compares with visual perception remains unclear. We primed participants by having them focus on the color of a presented square or instructed visualize prompted in an empty before every trial. In Experiment 1, went perform shape singleton search task where could serve as target distractor. 2, color-word Stroop incongruent stimuli were presented; hue word incidentally coincided color. found perceptual priming...