High-voltage battery pack and charger structure are the main concerns of electric vehicle (EV) developments. To achieve required voltage power in propulsion systems, cascading stacks is essential. However, due to small discrepancies between different cells, charge imbalance occurs. Charge reduces cells life cycle, accessible energy, system performance. Hence, equalization among necessary. Furthermore, EVs should have some essential requirements provide desired contributions future networks....

In this paper, an efficient control strategy for three-phase four-switch inverter-fed Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) drives with trapezoidal back Electromotive Force (EMF) is proposed. the proposed approach, outer loop adjusting motor speed designed using Model Predictive Control (MPC) while inner based on a hysteresis controller regulates BLDC phase currents. To effectively adjust current of uncontrolled in inverter, switching strategies and generator modes are suggested. The scheme achieves...

Since the introduction of modular multilevel converters (MMC), various additional features have been introduced for MMCs, among them parallel inter-module connectivity. However, such a mode requires appropriate modulation and switching strategies to exploit its full potential. Low-frequency is widely used with half-bridge modules large body research focusses on optimum control scheduling these methods. so far, suitable adaptation MMCs missing, existing methods perform suboptimum. This...

Advances in the fields of renewable generation, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems push forward research on ac–dc dc–ac grid-tied power converters. However, variabilities converters create new challenges modeling control. Existing state-space models fail to accurately describe various types (GTCs), particularly those with grid-supportive services, which are increasingly required by upcoming grid codes. As such, this article first proposes classify GTCs into four basic according...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) enjoy the benefits of modularity and scalability. In particular, MMCs with symmetrical half-bridge submodules enable bipolar operation yet a simple structure low conduction losses. However, bulky dc capacitors in MMC act as one major obstacle that retards further improvement system size, weight, cost performance. Additionally, tight regulation balance capacitor voltages necessitate expensive voltage sensors paired dedicated controllers. This article...

Larger battery packs, an efficient management system, highly electromechanical conversion, and fast charging are the key factors for extending drive range of electric vehicles expansion electromobility. We present a novel stable modular multilevel powertrain design with variable dc-bus voltage, active inner energy flow control, reduced filter size. The underlying replaces conventional hard-wired batteries by architecture, thus modularizing pack increasing efficiency, reducing output size,...

In this paper, a new hybrid charging algorithm suitable for Li-ion battery is proposed with the aim of reducing refilling time and improving life cycle. The combines constant current voltage (CCCV) pulsed charge (PC) techniques to obtain way fast ensure long lifetime. A step by execution presented. Moreover, implemented using bidirectional DC power converter Simulink. charger able detect initial state (SoC) take it. included results show obtained performance technique in terms reduction...

Traditional electric vehicle (EV) battery drive trains comprise hard-wired batteries forming a fixed high-voltage DC link, and main inverter. This paper proposes novel topology to break into smaller subunits interfaced by low-voltage field effect transistors (FET). The new named <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reconfigurable battery</i> , can offload great portion of the switching duty from Several benefits follow:...

Modular multilevel converters and cascaded H-bridge are established concepts in ultrahigh-voltage systems. In combination with batteries, these circuits allow dynamically changing the series/parallel configuration of battery modules, also known as reconfigurable batteries. A large body research discusses applications such systems grid-storage electromobility a single load, an electric drive. However, most studies neglect presence auxiliary loads, which require additional voltage levels...

Cascaded H-bridge and modular multilevel converters (MMC) are on the rise with emerging applications in renewable energy generation, storage, electric motor drives. However, their well-known advantages come at price of complicated balancing, high-bandwidth isolated monitoring, numerous sensors that can prevent MMCs from expanding into highly cost driven markets. Therefore, an obvious trend research is developing control topologies depend less measurements benefit simpler control....

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) feature an established topology for the highest voltage and power levels. For lower levels, MMCs find a wide range of applications in generation, energy storage, electric motor drive. However, large quantity expensive sensors as well high data-processing requirements module balancing remains obstacle. Additionally, stark cost reductions electronic semiconductors have reduced their share total rendered initially uneconomical topologies appealing low medium...

Modular battery-integrated converters or the so-called dynamically reconfigurable battery packs are expanding into emerging applications. Although they offer many degrees of freedom (DoFs), state art focuses on single-output systems and neglects potential such to generate multiple outputs with minimum added components. This article investigates feasibility a multiport system for various independent loads. The proposed techniques can achieve higher functionality reduce power conversion...

This study deals with a developed thyristor based bridge‐type fault current limiter (TBFCL), in which the main limiting function is relegated to circuit controlled by silicon rectifier (SCR). Since SCR reliable power electronic switch and can be found high ratings, proposed TBFCL utilised higher ratings comparison other BFCLs. The limits two steps; (i) fully DC reactor during transient interval (ii) steady state interval. has an isolated gate bipolar transistor parallel bridge thyristor....

In this brief, a new interleaved ac-dc converter with reduced number of semiconductor components for high power energy storage applications is proposed. The structure reduces the ac side current ripple as well increases overall rating. Moreover, proposed switching pattern and developed controller provides reactive control during both flow directions. simulated analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink software, 3.5 kW prototype system has been implemented in lab. results confirm performance topology....

Various advantages are directing the attention to modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Simple ways balance voltage difference of MMC modules strongly desired but an open problem. The series/parallel converter (MMSPC) can be efficient solution for this However, implementing effective control method is essential close-to-optimum operation MMSPCs. Generally, on higher level control, various modulation techniques output, while a scheduler balances module voltages lower level. This article...

Recently, energy encryption for wireless power transfer (WPT) has been developed safety, which is important in public places to suppress unauthorized extraction. Most techniques vary the frequency so that receivers cannot extract because of non-resonance. However, this strategy unreliable. To stimulate progress technology and point out security holes, paper proposes a decryption method fundamental principle encrypted frequency-varying WPT. The uses an auxiliary coil detect switched-capacitor...

Modular converters or reconfigurable battery energy storage systems are a promising approach to eliminate the dependence on weakest element in previously hard-wired packs and combine heterogeneous batteries (so-called mixed-battery systems). But their need for expensive sensors complex monitoring as well control subsystems hinders progress. Estimating parameters of each module can substantially reduce number required and/or communication components. However, existing estimation methods...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a popular solution in high-voltage applications with significant potential others. However, its stable operation at the expense of numerous sensors, high communication burden, and complicated balancing strategies, which reduce cost-effectiveness. Hence, introduction sensorless voltage-balancing strategy simple controller an attractive objective. diode-clamped MMC offers simplest yet highly effective for creating path between two modules through diode...

Reducing the computational burden and improving accuracy are in two opposite sides of every electrical equivalent circuit model (EECM) for batteries. In this paper, a novel identification method is developed to estimate EECM parameters any Li-ion battery with aim reducing estimation under high C-rates charge/discharge cycles electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed parameter implemented on second-order EECM. A step by execution new presented which based analysis Particle Swarm...

The capacity and voltage rating of battery packs for electric vehicles or stationary energy storages are increasing, which challenge management monitoring. Breaking the larger pack into smaller modules using power electronics to achieve dynamic reconfiguration can be a solution. Reconfigurable batteries come with their own set problems, including many sensors complex monitoring systems, high-bandwidth communication interfaces, additional costs. Online parameter estimation methods simplify...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are a well-known solution in high-voltage applications. Recently, new topologies such as MMCs with series/parallel (MMSPC) connectivity attracting large amount focus, due to their improved efficiency well self-balancing capability. Although MMSPCs can operate without direct measurement of modules' voltages battery-integrated modules, monitoring the voltage and resistance each module still provide useful information assess state battery. However, including...