A5003532573- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Climate variability and models
- Australian History and Society
- Historical Education Studies Worldwide
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Education Systems and Policy
- Historical Economic and Social Studies
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Historical Education and Society
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Religious Education and Schools
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
Met Office
2014-2025
Laser Scan Engineering (United Kingdom)
2016-2017
Phillips Exeter Academy
2017
Metropolitan Museum of Art
2014
Joint Research Centre
2006-2009
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
2009
Goddard Space Flight Center
2009
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2009
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
2006
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
2006
We use 23 atmospheric chemistry transport models to calculate current and future (2030) deposition of reactive nitrogen (NO y , NH x ) sulfate (SO land ocean surfaces. The are driven by three emission scenarios: (1) air quality legislation (CLE); (2) an optimistic case the maximum emissions reductions currently technologically feasible (MFR); (3) contrasting pessimistic IPCC SRES A2 scenario. An extensive evaluation present‐day using nearly all information on wet available worldwide shows a...
Abstract. The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including central question how system is likely to respond human-induced perturbations, comprehensively captured in GCMs and Earth System Models (ESM). Diagnosing simulated response, comparing responses across different models, crucially dependent on transparent assumptions GCM/ESM has been driven – especially because implementation can involve subjective decisions may differ between modelling groups performing same...
Understanding the surface O 3 response over a “receptor” region to emission changes foreign “source” is key evaluating potential gains from an international approach abate ozone (O ) pollution. We apply ensemble of 21 global and hemispheric chemical transport models estimate spatial average east Asia (EA), Europe (EU), North America (NA), south (SA) 20% decreases in anthropogenic emissions precursors, NO x , NMVOC, CO (individually combined), each these regions. find that mean concentrations...
Abstract. We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe, East South Asia, North America using results a coordinated model intercomparison. These sensitivities regional (mixing ratio change per unit emission) vary widely across models species. Intermodel differences are systematic, however, so that relative importance different regions is robust. contributes most ozone pollution. For aerosols CO, European dominate at...
Air quality, ecosystem exposure to nitrogen deposition, and climate change are intimately coupled problems: we assess changes in the global atmospheric environment between 2000 2030 using 26 state-of-the-art chemistry models three different emissions scenarios. The first (CLE) scenario reflects implementation of current air quality legislation around world, while second (MFR) represents a more optimistic case which all currently feasible technologies applied achieve maximum emission...
Abstract. In this paper, we present a description of the tropospheric chemistry component UK Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) model which has been coupled to Met Office Hadley Centre's HadGEM family climate models. We assess model's transport scavenging processes, in particular focussing on convective transport, boundary layer mixing, wet inter-hemispheric exchange. Simulations with UKCA short-lived radon tracer suggest that modelled distributions are comparable those other models comparison...
We analyze present‐day and future carbon monoxide (CO) simulations in 26 state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric chemistry models run to study air quality climate change. In comparison with near‐global satellite observations from the MOPITT instrument local surface measurements, show large underestimates of Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical CO, while typically performing reasonably well elsewhere. The results suggest that year‐round emissions, probably fossil fuel burning east Asia seasonal...
A global database describing the geographical distribution of biomass termites and their emissions methane carbon dioxide has been constructed. Termite biomasses were assigned to various ecosystems using published measurements a recent high‐resolution (10′ × 10′) vegetation categories. The then combined with literature fluxes from extrapolated give emission estimates for each gas. are 19.7 ± 1.5 3500 700 Mt yr −1 , respectively (1 = 1012 g). These contribute approximately 4% 2%,...
The effect of climate change on vegetation, isoprene emissions and surface ozone levels was investigated using a global three‐dimensional general circulation model coupled to dynamic vegetation chemistry models. Integrations for the 1990s 2090s were performed. Isoprene increased from 549 Tg yr −1 (1990s) 736 (2090s) as result with fixed vegetation. However, only increase 697 in when changes included. Surface rose by 20–30 ppbv some locations owing increases precursor gases, but 10–20 if...
LITERACY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ENGLAND Michael Sanderson University of East Anglia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 56, Issue 1, August 1972, Pages 75–103, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/56.1.75 Published: 01 1972
This paper investigates the impact of circulation changes in a changed climate on exchange ozone between stratosphere and troposphere. We have identified an increase net transport into troposphere future 37%, although decreased lifetime means that overall tropospheric burden decreases. There are regions midlatitudes to high latitudes where surface is predicted spring. However, these increases not significant. Significant upper The general stratospheric contribution (O 3 s tracer) scenario...
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) assessed a range of scenarios future greenhouse-gas emissions without policies to specifically reduce emissions, and concluded that these would lead an increase in global mean temperatures between 1.6°C 6.9°C by the end twenty-first century, relative pre-industrial. While much political attention is focused potential for warming 2°C pre-industrial, AR4 projections clearly suggest greater levels are possible...
Abstract. Changes in atmospheric ozone have occurred since the preindustrial era as a result of increasing anthropogenic emissions. Within ACCENT, European Network Excellence, changes between 1850 and 2000 are assessed for troposphere lower stratosphere (up to 30 km) by variety seven chemistry-climate models three chemical transport models. The modeled taken input detailed calculations radiative forcing. When only chemistry considered (constant climate) global-mean tropospheric column...
A chemistry‐climate model has been applied to study the radiative forcings generated by aircraft NO x emissions through changes in ozone and methane. Four numerical experiments, where an extra pulse of was emitted into atmosphere for a single month (January, April, July, or October), were compared control experiment, allowing impact be isolated. The produces short‐lived (few months) that generates positive forcing. However, O 3 both generate OH, which leads reduction CH 4 . detailed analysis...
Abstract. The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble ten state-of-the-art models a pre-defined set emission data. analysis is performed for present-day conditions (year 2000) two future ship scenarios. In one scenario emissions stabilize at 2000 levels; in other increase with constant annual growth rate 2.2% up to 2030 (termed "Constant Growth Scenario" (CGS)). Most anthropogenic...
Ozone exposure is associated with negative health impacts, including premature mortality. Observations and modeling studies demonstrate that emissions from one continent influence ozone air quality over other continents. We estimate the mortalities avoided surface decreases obtained via combined 20% reductions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide, nonmethane volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide in North America (NA), East Asia (EA), South (SA), Europe (EU). use estimates responses to these...
Climate models vary widely in their projections of both global mean temperature rise and regional climate changes, but are there any systematic differences changes associated with different levels sensitivity? This paper examines model change over the twenty-first century from Intergovernmental Panel on Change Fourth Assessment Report which used A2 scenario IPCC Special Emissions Scenarios, assessing whether responses can be seen categorized as 'high-end' (those projecting 4°C or more by end...
Abstract. Exchange of non-CO2 trace gases between the land surface and atmosphere plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry climate. Recent studies have highlighted its importance for interpretation glacial-interglacial ice-core records, simulation pre-industrial present atmosphere, potential large climate-chemistry climate-aerosol feedbacks coming century. However, spatial temporal variations gas emissions magnitude future are a major source uncertainty chemistry, air quality climate...
We investigate how El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences tropospheric ozone and its precursors in a coupled climate‐chemistry model. As shown similar studies, column (TCO) decreases the central east Pacific increases west Pacific/Indonesia response to circulation convective changes during conditions. Simulated TCO for “peak” events are good agreement but underestimated compared previous observational modeling studies October 1997. Tropospheric column‐average NO x over Indonesia...
Two coupled climate–chemistry model experiments for the period 1990–2030 were conducted: one with a fixed climate and other varying forced by is92a scenario. By comparing results from these we have attempted to identify changes variations in physical that may important influences upon tropospheric chemical composition. Climate variables considered include: temperature, humidity, convective mass fluxes, precipitation, large-scale circulation. Increases directly related increases exert major...