A5082439673- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Plant and animal studies
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
University of Sheffield
2016-2025
Google (United States)
2015
University of California, Riverside
2008
University of Warwick
2005
Natural Environment Research Council
2005
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2005
Lancaster University
2005
Rothamsted Research
2001
SUMMARY More than 400 species of vascular plants, in 87 genera, are acholophyllous and heterotrophic, but not directly parasitic upon autotrophs. They usually, incorrectly, described as 'saprophytes’since they fact nourished by means specialized mycorrhizal associations. Although distributed world‐wide, most abundant show the greatest species‐richness Neotropics Palaeotropical regions. Their aerial parts range size from a few centimetres to extensive liane types up 40 m long. With...
Extraradical mycelia of mycorrhizal fungi are normally the hidden half symbiosis, but they powerful underground influences upon biogeochemical cycling, composition plant communities, and agroecosystem functioning. Mycorrhizal mycelial networks most dynamic functionally diverse components recent estimates suggest empowered by receiving as much 10% or more net photosynthate their host plants. They often constitute 20%30% total soil microbial biomass yet undetected standard measures used...
The importance of mycorrhizas in heathland and boreal forest biomes, which together cover much the landmass Northern Hemisphere store most global stocks carbon, is reviewed. taxonomic affinities organisms forming these symbiotic partnerships are assessed, distinctive structural features ericoid dwarf shrubs ectomycorrhizas trees described. It stressed that neither terms geographical distribution plants nor occurrence their characteristic soil profile should biomes be considered to mutually...
Summary 1. Despite urbanization being a major driver of land‐use change globally, there have been few attempts to quantify and map ecosystem service provision at city‐wide scale. One that is an increasingly important feature climate mitigation policies, with other potential benefits, biological carbon storage. 2. We examine the quantities spatial patterns above‐ground stored in typical British city, Leicester, by surveying vegetation across entire urban area. also consider how density...
Abstract Atmospheric nitrogen ( N ) deposition is a global and increasing threat to biodiversity ecosystem function. Much of our current understanding impacts comes from field manipulation studies, although interpretation may need caution where simulations (in terms dose, application rate form) have limited realism. Here, we review responses simulated the UKREATE network, group nine experimental sites across UK in diversity heathland, grassland, bog dune ecosystems which include studies with...
• The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was investigated in an unfertilized limestone grassland soil supporting different synthesized vascular plant assemblages that had developed for 3 yr. experimental treatments comprised: bare soil; monocultures the nonmycotrophic sedge Carex flacca; mycotrophic grass Festuca ovina; and a species-rich mixture four forbs, grasses sedges. AM analysed roots Plantago lanceolata bioassay seedlings using terminal-restriction fragment length...
Land-based enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a biogeochemical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy aiming to accelerate natural geological processes of sequestration through application crushed silicate rocks, such as basalt, croplands and forested landscapes. However, the efficacy approach when undertaken with its potential co-benefits for agriculture, require experimental field evaluation. Here we report that amending UK clay-loam agricultural soil high loading (10 kg/m2 ) relatively...
Summary The flux of pulse‐derived 13 C from upland pasture plants to the external mycelium their arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbionts was traced and quantified over a 7‐d post‐labelling period. Mesh cores, which allowed in‐growth native AM but were impenetrable roots, inserted into unlimed limed plots surrounding vegetation exposed CO 2 at ambient concentrations. Release cores colonized by peaked 9–14 h after labelling declined within 24 severance mycelial connections roots. Between 5 8%...
• The roles of mycorrhiza in facilitating the acquisition and transfer carbon (C) nitrogen (N) to adult orchids are poorly understood. Here, we employed isotopically labelled sources C N investigate these processes green forest orchid, Goodyera repens. Fungus-to-orchid transfers were measured using mass spectrometry after supplying extraradical mycelial systems with double-labelled [13C-15N]glycine. Orchid-to-fungus was revealed quantified by radioisotope imaging liquid scintillation...
The effects of localized zinc (ZnO) and cadmium (CdS) enrichment on the allocation root biomass, length partitioning current assimilate within systems Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens were investigated using a rhizobox system. rhizoboxes contained either homogeneous soil or juxtaposed control metal‐enriched soil. In heterogeneous treatments Zn‐enriched 250, 500 1000 mg kg −1 . plants consistently allocated c 70% their total biomass into Moreover, ( 14 C) to roots was in treatments....
• Symbiotic germination and development of the fully myco-heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus-avis were studied in ‘packets’ seed placed adjacent to, or at varying distances from, adult plants a Fagus sylvatica woodland. The distribution identity fungal partner(s) N. investigated by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sequence analysis part 28S gene DNA extracted from UK Germany, seedlings germinated situ. Germination commenced spring, but only...
Urbanization is widely presumed to degrade ecosystem services, but empirical evidence now challenging these assumptions. We report the first city-wide organic carbon (OC) budget for vegetation and soils, including under impervious surfaces. Urban soil OC storage was significantly greater than in regional agricultural land at equivalent depths, however there no significant difference between soils sampled beneath urban greenspaces surfaces, depths. For a typical U.K. city, total 17.6 kg m−2...
Research Article| July 01, 2009 Plant-driven fungal weathering: Early stages of mineral alteration at the nanometer scale Steeve Bonneville; Bonneville * 1Earth and Biosphere Institute, School Earth Environment, University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK *E-mail: s.bonneville@see.leeds.ac.uk. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark M. Smits; Smits 2Department Animal Plant Sciences, Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, Andrew Brown; Brown 3Leeds Electron Microscopy...
Abstract Critical Zone (CZ) research investigates the chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate Earth’s surface. Here, we advance 12 hypotheses must be tested to improve our understanding of CZ: (1) Solar‐to‐chemical conversion energy by plants regulates flows carbon, water, nutrients through plant‐microbe soil networks, thereby controlling location extent weathering. (2) Biological stoichiometry drives changes in mineral distribution (3) On landscapes experiencing little...
Direct measurement of the carbon (C) 'cost' mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on incomplete budgets or indirect measurements. Furthermore, conventional model unidirectional plant-to-fungus C flux too simplistic. Net fungus-to-plant transfer supports seedling establishment in c. 10% plant species, including most orchids, bidirectional flows occur ectomycorrhiza utilizing soil amino acids. Here, cost to...
Summary The discovery that M ucoromycotina, an ancient and partially saprotrophic fungal lineage, associates with the basal liverwort lineage H aplomitriopsida casts doubt on widely held view G lomeromycota formed sole ancestral plant–fungus symbiosis. Whether this association is mutualistic, how its functioning was affected by fall in atmospheric CO 2 concentration followed plant terrestrialization P alaeozoic, remains unknown. We measured carbon‐for‐nutrient exchanges between liverworts...
Increasing consumer demand for seafood, combined with concern over the health of our oceans, has led to many initiatives aimed at tackling destructive fishing practices and promoting sustainability fisheries. An important global threat sustainable fisheries is Illegal, Unreported Unregulated (IUU) fishing, there now an increased emphasis on use trade measures prevent IUU-sourced fish products from entering international market. Initiatives encompass new legislation in European Union...
Abstract Urban areas are major contributors to air pollution and climate change, causing impacts on human health that amplified by the microclimatological effects of buildings grey infrastructure through urban heat island (UHI) effect. greenspaces may be important in reducing surface temperature extremes, but their have not been investigated at a city-wide scale. Across mid-sized UK city we buried loggers greenspace soils 100 sites, stratified proximity centre, vegetation cover land-use....