This paper presents the impact of new microprocessor technology on soft error rate (SER). The results are based Oracle's (formerly Sun Microsystems) neutron beam testing over past several years. We describe how tests were conducted and test used to influence design. As feature sizes decreased from 180nm 65nm, memory rates per bit decreased, but our data indicates a reversal this trend at 40nm. Flop still appear be decreasing, even 28nm size measure SER as function power supply voltage (Vdd)...

Ratings by an expert panel of the appropriateness treatments may offer better guidance for clinical practice than variable decisions individual clinicians, yet there have been no prospective studies outcomes. We compared outcomes patients treated medically after angiography with those who underwent revascularization, within groups defined ratings degree revascularization in varying circumstances.This was a study consecutive undergoing coronary at three London hospitals. Before were...

Residential rooftop-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are being installed at an increasing rate, both in New Zealand and globally. There have been concerns over possible issues such as overvoltage overcurrent. These PV systems mostly connected low voltage (LV). This study presents a case of simulating the entire LV network from single utility, comprising 10,558 11 kV–415 V transformers their associated distribution feeders. results also presented by type. Various penetration levels...

Narrow bandwidth is the major challenge to today’s vibration-based energy harvesters. Compared with other broadband approaches that involve moving parts and control electronics, a double-mass piezoelectric cantilever beam provides simple reliable solution widen effective as vibration harvester. In this article, continuum model of lead zirconate titanate subject sinusoidal base excitation presented. First, undamped equation motion along boundary transition conditions derived from Hamilton’s...

High voltage direct current (HVDC) grids may be protected from dc faults through the application of HVDC circuit breakers. Recent advances in breaker technologies allow grid to cleared without a permanent loss power connected ac grids. The requirements for protection have yet fully defined; especially where half-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC) controls are concerned. This paper investigates integrating breakers with MMC converters, specifically looking at how recover pole-to-pole...

The increasing number of renewable energy sources in the distribution grid is becoming a major issue for utility companies since grid-connected converters are operating at different points due to probabilistic characteristics energy. Usually, harmonics and impedance from other not taken carefully into account installation design systems. It can bring an unknown harmonic instability multiple power-sourced system makes analysis difficult complexity network. This paper proposes new model...

This paper presents a harmonic state-space (HSS) model of three-phase thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) in voltage-control application. In using the HSS description, importance incorporating effect interaction on dynamics power system containing TCR or other flexible ac transmission controllers is illustrated. Although nonlinear nature, significant switching instant variation included linearized model. The size minimized with selection minimum necessary set frequencies. To validate models,...

This paper details the development of a linear continuous-time state model small-signal dynamics high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. The in frequency range between 2 and 200 Hz on DC side are interest for identification possible stability problems design fastest level converter controls. is formed by representing system as collection number interconnected subsystems. approach structured flexible, can be directly applied to other systems including FACTS. A CIGRE benchmark...

Current supercomputing systems consisting of thousands nodes cannot meet the demands emerging high-performance scientific applications. As a result, new generation hundreds is being proposed. However, these are likely to experience far more frequent failures than today's systems, and such must be tackled effectively. Coordinated checkpointing common technique deal with in supercomputers. This paper presents model coordinated protocol for large-scale supercomputers, studies its scalability by...

This paper presents a technique for deriving the linearized Harmonic State Space model of power electronic converter. The model, in which harmonics state variables, inputs and outputs are posed separately form, can be used dynamic small signal studies, harmonic steady studies. handle autonomous switches such as diodes, controlled IGBTs GTOs. is demonstrated by modeling Buck-Boost HSS converter compared to PSCAD-EMTDC model. presented demonstration general that extendable common HVdc FACTs...

Wideband harmonics and resonances are challenging the stability power quality of emerging power-electronic-based systems, therefore, harmonic modeling analysis converters becoming even more important. However, complex interactions on both ac dc sides a converter propagated interaction to other systems have been task for modeling. This paper introduces systematic overview different linearized methods. It is followed by step-by-step elaboration underlying principles methods, practical...

This paper outlines the extension of harmonic domain modeling to flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices which contain series voltage injection elements. The proposed iterative technique is capable generic combinations and shunt converters; representing these elements as current sources, respectively. performance converter characterized in terms dc mismatches, are combined with fundamental frequency power-flow mismatches an Newton solution. combination maintains modularity, allowing...

1. The Administrative Apparatus of the Russian Colony in Siberia and Northern Asia, 1581-1700 Basil Dmytryshyn 2. Subjugation Settlement seventeenth eighteenth-century David N. Collins 3. Opening up Siberia: Russia's Window on East J.L. Black 4. Siberian Native Peoples Before After Conquest James Forsyth 5. Tsarist Russia Colonial America: Critical Constraints R. Gibson 6. Wild East: Exile, Vagrancy Crime nineteenth-century Alan Wood 7. Migration, Rural Economy Siberia, 1861-1914 Leonid M....

A linear and direct method of determining the frequency dependent impedance a 12 pulse HVDC power converter is presented. Terms are developed for both DC AC side impedances converter, including effect firing angle control system, commutation period, variability period. The predictions verified by dynamic simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

The equivalent harmonic impedances associated with time-variant devices such as FACTS and HVDC power converters are in many cases phase-dependent. second rank tensor is proposed a means of performing the nodal analysis networks incorporating phase-dependent admittances. A useful geometric interpretation phase dependency developed applied to calculation impedance converter on AC side.

Background.Previous studies investigating the appropriateness of invasive management coronary disease had not reported internal consistency their ratings and may now be out date. The aim this study was to measure influence clinical factors on contemporary angiography, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) artery bypass graft (CABG) in Appropriateness Coronary Revascularisation (ACRE) study.

The interaction between an HVDC converter and the saturation characteristic of a transformer can lead to type harmonic instability widely known as core instability. paper presents linearised direct frequency domain analysis mechanism behind this Using transfer functions characteristics on AC DC system equivalents, equations are solved describe phenomenon. A measure level stability, stability factor, is derived utilised predict dynamics. verified by dynamic simulation several systems.