Inflammatory molecules and their transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), are thought to play important roles in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. Here, we investigated the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB inhibitor, diabetic mice. Obese db/db mice heterozygous lean (n = 8) were allowed free access drinking water (control) or containing PDTC (100 mg/kg) for 20 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) function was measured using echocardiography at baseline study...

Reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of downstream transcription factors gene modifiers these components are key mediators hypertensive response. Histone acetylases/deacetylases can modulate the expression hypertrophic components. Therefore, we hypothesized that long-term inhibition histone deacetylase with valproic acid might attenuate responses by modulating reactive in SHR rats. Seven-week-old WKY rats were used this...

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays an important role in hypertensive renal injury; however, its roles perpetuating mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of chronic NF-kappaB blockade with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on redox status spontaneously rats (SHR). PDTC (150 mg.kg body wt(-1).day(-1)) or vehicle was administered orally to 8-wk-old SHR their respective controls for 15 wk. Systolic blood pressure (SBP)...

Objective and Background To assess renoprotective effects of a blueberry-enriched diet in rat model hypertension. Oxidative stress (OS) appears to be involved the development hypertension related renal injury. Pharmacological antioxidants can attenuate hypertension-induced injury; however, attention has shifted recently therapeutic potential natural products as antioxidants. Blueberries (BB) have among highest antioxidant capacities fruits vegetables. Methods Results Male spontaneously...

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is secreted from adipocytes, and its expression up-regulated in obese diabetic mice humans. LCN2 secretion have been shown to be induced by two proinflammatory cytokines, IFNγ TNFα, cultured murine human adipocytes. In these studies, we demonstrated that TNFα vivo. Although observed a strong induction of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, the varied among different insulin-sensitive tissues. Knockdown experiments also STAT1 required for IFNγ-induced lipocalin-2 Similarly,...

Aims: Exercise training (ExT) is a recommended adjunct to many pharmaceutical antihypertensive therapies. The effects of chronic ExT on the development hypertension-induced renal injury remain unknown. We examined whether would preserve hemodynamics and structure in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), these were mediated by improved redox status decreased inflammation. Normotensive WKY rats SHR underwent moderate-intensity for 16 weeks. One group animals was treated with hydralazine...

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal failure in United States. The obese Zucker rat (OZR; fa/fa ) a commonly used model type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS), oxidative stress seen these disorders. Heterozygous lean rats (LZRs; fa/+ are susceptible to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity MetS. present study was designed investigate whether 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPOL), membrane‐permeable radical scavenger, could alleviate effects MetS OZR LZR...

Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that secretes many factors affect other tissues and whole-body metabolism. Adipocytes are responsive to several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines, some of which have been targeted as potential antiobesity therapeutics.Oncostatin M (OSM) gp130 family member known inhibit adipocyte differentiation in vitro, but its effects on properties not characterized. The expression OSM white adipose (WAT) has evaluated the context obesity. Thus, our...

Albuminuria is associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. It correlates the progression of chronic kidney disease, particularly tubular atrophy. The fatty acid load on albumin significantly increases in obesity, presenting a proinflammatory environment to proximal tubules. However, little known about changes redox milieu during overload how redox-sensitive mechanisms mediate cell death. Here, we show that impurities or conjugated palmitate but not itself compromised mitochondrial...

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) is essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria oxidation. Recently, it was reported that decreased CPT1b mRNA in adipose tissue a contributing factor obesity rats. We therefore closely examined expression level Cpt1 from mice, rats, and humans. Cpt1a predominate isoform all three species. Rat white has moderate amount Cpt1b mRNA, but very minor compared with muscle. Total CPT1 activity also relative to other tissues. Both...

Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, augment the progression of heart failure (HF) that is characterized by sympathoexcitation. In this study, we explored role TNF-α in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) exaggerated sympathetic activity observed HF. Heart rats were made ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. The expression levels angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1-R) and neurotransmitters analyzed PVN HF received direct infusion a blocker...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of health factors that indicate higher risk for cardio-renal diseases. Recent evidence indicates antioxidants from berries are alternative to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation. We tested the hypothesis inflammation-induced renal damage triggered activation TLR4, subsequent modulation redox-sensitive molecules mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.Five-week old lean obese Zucker rats (LZR OZR) were fed...

Aging is the main factor involved in onset of degenerative diseases. Dietary protein restriction has been shown to increase lifespan rodents and improve metabolic phenotype. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) can act as nutrient signals that mice after prolonged supplementation. It remains unclear whether combination BCAA supplementation improves immunological profiles during aging. Here, we investigated how dietary levels impact metabolism immune profile a 12-month intervention adult male...

Abstract Inflammation, lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance type 2 diabetes. However, how these factors are intertwined development obesity/insulin remains unclear. Here, we examine role fat oxidation on lipid-induced inflammation skeletal muscle. We used muscle-specific Cpt1b knockout mouse model where inhibition fatty acid results accumulation lipid metabolites muscle elevated circulating free acids. Gene...

Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk increases significantly during menopause and remains elevated postmenopause. Several botanicals, including blueberries (BB), have been shown to delay MetS progression, but few studies conducted in postmenopausal animal models. Here, the effects of BB supplementation on obese mice using a chemically induced model were examined. Methods After induction menopause, fed high‐fat diet or same supplemented with 4% powder for 12 weeks. Body weight body...

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional gp130 cytokine. Although OSM produced in adipose tissue, it not by adipocytes. expression significantly induced tissue from obese mice and humans. The OSM-specific receptor, receptor β (OSMR), expressed adipocytes, but its function remains largely unknown. To better understand the effects of we knocked down Osmr adipocytes vitro using siRNA. In vivo, generated mouse line lacking adiponectin-expressing cells (OSMR(FKO) mice). on gene were also assessed...