Introduction: This study had two objectives: 1) to determine the clinical and microbiological profiles of patients developing intravascular catheter-related local (localized catheter colonization exit site) systemic infections their predisposing factors; 2) antibiotic sensitivity patterns organisms isolated. Methodology: case-control was conducted over 19 months involving 232 at a tertiary care hospital. Non-tunneled central venous catheters midline were types studied. Catheter tips...

ABSTRACT Recently, CTX-M-type extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains have emerged worldwide. In particular, E. with O antigen type 25 (O25) and sequence 131 (ST131), which is often associated the CTX-M-15 ESBL, has been increasingly reported globally; however, epidemiology reports on ESBL-producing in Asia are limited. Patients clinical isolates of Tribhuvan University teaching hospital Kathmandu, Nepal, were included this study. Whole-genome sequencing was...

The aim of this study was to describe the emergence in Nepal clinical isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring both blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181/-232.Six K. highly resistant carbapenems aminoglycosides were obtained from inpatients Nepal. Their whole genomes sequenced by a next generation sequencer.The minimum inhibitory concentrations meropenem, amikacin ciprofloxacin ≥128 μg/ml, >1024 μg/ml ≥256 respectively. All six co-harbored blaNDM-5, blaOXA-181 or -232 rmtB. Of them, 1 also harbored rmtF....

Abstract Background There has been increased interest in identifying learning strategies that promote long-term retention of medical school content. In 2022, an extracurricular clinical microbiology project called “Pokébug'' was created by the Infectious Disease Interest Group (IDIG) to encourage such among preclinical students at University Maryland School Medicine (UMSOM). Students are given “pseudo-case presentations” including five clues as pathogen route entry, symptoms, and treatment....

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious worldwide medical problem. aim this study was to determine the genetic and epidemiological properties P. strains isolated from hospitals in Nepal.A total 43 isolates obtained patients two Nepal between 2018 2020 were analysed. Their whole genomes sequenced by next-generation sequencing. A phylogenetic tree constructed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) concatemers. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) performed...

Introduction: Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite that causes recurrent gastroenteritis among children living under poor sanitary condition and adults from industrialized countries who lived or traveled in endemic developing countries. Methods: A total of 1842 stool specimens patients were examined between March 2006 to February 2007 collected various types faecal human, animals samples water green leafy vegetables. Results: Of different areas Nepal, 146 (7.9 %) found be positive...

Background: Rotavirus as a causative agent of childhood diarrhea is known to cause serious illness among children less than 5 years age. This study examined the epidemiology rotavirus disease burden and diversity G P genotypes in Nepal.Methods: Stool samples were tested for by Enzyme Immuno Assay Group A rotaviruses detected using both ELISA RT-PCR 2718 between 2009 2011.Results: was more frequently inpatients (28.5%) outpatients (15.2%). Over three-year period, 653 (24.4%) cases positive...

Background: Catheter associated Urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are the most common nosocomial infection. Though urinary catheterization is an important aspect of medical care, its inappropriate use may lead to significant morbidity and mortality, increased hospitalization financial burden. This study was carried out identify etiological agents UTI antibiogram among inpatients with indwelling catheters.Methods: A total 136 urine samples were collected over a period 10 months. Microscopic...

Background: Respiratory tract infection due to Gram-negative bacteria is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was carried out determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from patients with lower respiratory visiting Kathmandu University Hospital.Methods: A total 3,403 samples including sputum endotracheal aspirates were processed antibiotic resistance determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Patients’ information obtained after...

The global spread of ESBL- E. coli has been driven in large part by pandemic sequence type 131 (ST131). A recent study suggested that, within ST131, certain sublineages have disseminated worldwide with little association their geographical origin, highlighting the complexity epidemiology this clone. ST131 bacteria also classified into four virotypes based on distribution virulence genes. Information virotype Asian strains is limited. We conducted whole-genome sequencing collected Nepal and...

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infectious diseases worldwide. This study was carried out to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern bacteria causing urinary visiting Kathmandu University Hospital.Methods: A total 3,500 urine samples were processed and antibiotic resistance determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Patients’ information obtained after informed consent.Results: Total number with positive growth 434 (12.40%). 331...

Isolation of multidrug resistant bacteria such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo beta–lactamase (MBL) producing and Methicillin Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is associated with various risk factors a major challenge in treatment. So, the study determined bacterial etiology antibiotic sensitivity pattern special reference to ESBL, MBL, MRSA strains along strains. A total 120 specimens were collected from patients clinical...

Morganella morganii can harbour extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, resulting in increased resistance to multiple antibiotics a high mortality rate. This study describes the emergence of highly multidrug-resistant clinical isolates M. from Nepal co-producing NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases, including NDM-1 NDM-5, 16S rRNA methylase ArmA. is first report NDM-1/-5 It important establish infection control systems effective treatments against morganii.

This study aimed to describe a clinical isolate of Aeromonas jandaei (A. jandaei) in Nepal that harboured four types genes encoding phosphoethanolamine transferases.An colistin-resistant A. was obtained from blood sample an inpatient hospital Nepal, and its complete genome sequence determined. Escherichia coli (E. coli) hydrophila hydrophila) transformants expressing novel transferase variants were constructed colistin-susceptibility profiles determined.The transferases on the chromosome,...

Background Nasal packs are utilized nearly by otorhinolaryngologists for controlling epistaxis and post nasal procedures. Complications have been reported due to them; therefore the use of antibiotics is a common practice among otorhinolaryngologists. Objective To detect microbiological flora associated with packing find evidence support benefit systemic it. Method A prospective, analytical study was conducted on 51 patients presenting Department ENT, KUSMS from June September 2015 who...

Little is known about the epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Nepal. We aimed to elucidate molecular clinical Salmonella Paratyphi A Isolates were collected from 23 cases bacteremia due S. between December 2014 October 2015. Thirteen patients (57%) male, median age was 21 years. None had an underlying chronic disease. All isolates sensitive ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol. resistant nalidixic acid categorized as intermediately susceptible...

The emergence of drug-resistant S. maltophilia has become a serious problem in medical settings worldwide. present study demonstrated that strains Nepal harbored novel genes encoding class A β-lactamase, KBL-1, or 6′-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(6′)-Iap.

Not uploaded.Key words: Cyclospora; Epidemiology; Human Immuno Deficiency virus; NepalDOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v6i1.2441Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 6, No. 1, Issue 12, April, 2008 Page: 28-37

Background: Wound infection with multidrug resistant bacteria along risk factors is a major burden and challenge to the health care persons. This study focuses on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates patients infected wounds.Methods: was cross-sectional conducted between November 2017 June 2018 in Kathmandu University Hospital. Pus sample wound swabs collected from during period were included. All microbiological processing done following standard guidelines patient’s...

Respiratory tract infection due to Gram positive bacteria is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study one year duration was carried out determine the antibiotic resistance pattern Gram-positive from patients with lower respiratory visiting Kathmandu University Hospital. A total 1,556 samples including sputum endotracheal aspirates were processed following standard guidelines. Antibiotic determined Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute sample 6.6%. Out them 86.4%...

Aeromonas species are Gram-negative rods known to cause infections such as gastroenteritis, bacteremia and wound infections. Colistin is one of few treatments for multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, colistin-resistant bacteria carrying the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene a threat in healthcare settings worldwide. In recent years, have been detected environmental clinical samples. We analyzed genomic characteristics highly A. jandaei isolated from blood sample Nepal, which...