In this study, we investigated the effect of nZVI on plant root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana and showed, for first time, that enhanced by inducing OH radical-induced cell wall loosening. Exposure plants to 0.5 g/L 150–200% over control, further mechanistic studies showed occurred via nZVI-mediated The oxidation capacity nZVI, leading release H2O2, allowed it cause loosening roots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometers (MALDI-TOFMS)-based analysis...

The dynamic activity of tip-localized filamentous actin (F-actin) in pollen tubes is controlled by counteracting RIC4 and RIC3 pathways downstream the ROP1 guanosine triphosphatase promoting assembly disassembly, respectively. We show here that activation required for both polar accumulation exocytosis vesicles at plasma membrane apex. apical exocytic oscillated phase with, but slightly behind, was enhanced overexpression RIC4. However, inhibited exocytosis, this inhibition could be...

Certain small outer envelope membrane proteins of chloroplasts are encoded by the nuclear genome without a cleavable N-terminal transit peptide. We investigated in vivo targeting mechanism AtOEP7, an Arabidopsis homolog protein. AtOEP7 was expressed as fusion protein with green fluorescent (GFP) either transiently protoplasts or stably transgenic plants. In case, fluorescence microscopy transformed cells and gel blot analysis fractionated confirmed that AtOEP7:GFP targeted to chloroplast...

Oscillation regulates a wide variety of processes ranging from chemotaxis in Dictyostelium through segmentation vertebrate development to circadian rhythms. Most studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying oscillation have focused requiring rhythmic change gene expression, which usually exhibit periodicity >10 min. Mechanisms that control with shorter periods (<10 min), presumably independent expression changes, are poorly understood. Oscillatory pollen tube tip growth provides an...

Rab proteins are members of the Ras superfamily small GTP binding and play important roles in various intracellular trafficking steps. We investigated role Rha1, an Arabidopsis Rab5 homolog, protoplasts. In presence a dominant-negative mutant soluble vacuolar cargo such as sporamin:green fluorescent protein (Spo:GFP) aleurain like protein:GFP not delivered to central vacuole; instead, they accumulate diffuse or punctate staining pattern within cell. Spo:GFP at stains observed...

Abstract Plastid-targeted proteins pass through the cytosol as unfolded precursors. If accumulate in cytosol, they can form nonspecific aggregates that cause severe cellular damage. Here, we demonstrate high levels of plastid precursors are degraded ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) Arabidopsis thaliana cells. The cytosolic heat shock protein cognate 70-4 (Hsc70-4) and E3 ligase carboxy terminus Hsc70-interacting (CHIP) were highly induced import2 plants, which had a T-DNA insertion at...

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant defective in chloroplast protein import was isolated and the locus, cia5, identified by map-based cloning. CIA5 is a 21-kD integral membrane inner envelope with four predicted transmembrane domains, similar to another potential protein-conducting channel, At Tic20, mitochondrial counterparts Tim17, Tim22, Tim23. cia5 null mutants were albino accumulated unprocessed precursor proteins. chloroplasts normal targeting binding of precursors surface but translocation...

Abstract ADP-ribosylation factors (Arf), a family of small GTP-binding proteins, play important roles in intracellular trafficking animal and yeast cells. Here, we investigated the two Arf homologs, Arf1 Arf3 Arabidopsis, plant We generated dominant negative mutant forms 1 examined their effect on reporter proteins protoplasts. Arf1[T31N] inhibited H+-ATPase:green fluorescent protein (GFP) sialyltransferase (ST):GFP to plasma membrane Golgi apparatus. In addition, caused relocalization...

The nucleotide sequence around the translational initiation site is an important cis-acting element for post-transcriptional regulation. However, it has not been fully understood how context at 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) affects efficiency of individual mRNAs. In this study, we provide evidence that 5′-UTRs Arabidopsis genes showing a great difference in vary greatly with more than 200-fold difference. Of four types nucleotides, A residue was most favourable from positions −1 to −21...

Rapid tip growth allows for efficient development of highly elongated cells (e.g. neuronal axons, fungal hyphae and pollen tubes) requires an elaborate spatiotemporal regulation the growing region. Here, we use tube as a model to investigate mechanism regulating ROPs (Rho-related GTPases from plants) are essential display oscillatory activity changes in apical plasma membrane (PM). By manipulating ROP level, showed that PM distribution cap determines region optimum level ROP1 activity....

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial for plant growth and adaptive responses to various stress conditions. Plants continuously adjust the ABA level meet physiological needs, but how homeostasis occurs not fully understood. This study provides evidence that UGT71B6, an uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (UGT), its two closely related homologs, UGT71B7 UGT71B8, play roles in adaptation dehydration, osmotic stress, high-salinity stresses Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). UGT...

Although triglyceride accumulation in the liver causes non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD), hypercholesterolemia is also a main cause of NAFLD as well atherosclerosis. However, and atherosclerosis have not been investigated simultaneously animal models fed high-cholesterol diet. Moreover, it unclear whether systemic inflammation can exacerbate both pathologies same model. Accordingly, this study effect additional on induced by cholesterol overload wild animals. New Zealand white rabbits were...

Fibrillins are lipid-associated proteins in plastids and ubiquitous plants. They accumulate chromoplasts sequester carotenoids during the development of flowers fruits. However, little is known about functions fibrillins leaf tissues. Here, we identified fibrillin 5 (FBN5), which essential for plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana. Homozygous fbn5-1 mutations were seedling-lethal, XVE:FBN5-B transgenic plants expressing low levels FBN5-B had a slower growth rate smaller...

Abstract Cytokinesis is the process of partitioning cytoplasm a dividing cell, thereby completing mitosis. in plant cell achieved by formation new wall between daughter nuclei using components carried Golgi-derived vesicles that accumulate at midplane phragmoplast and fuse to form plate. Proteins play major roles development plate cells are not well defined. Here, we report an AP180 amino-terminal homology/epsin homology domain-containing protein from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)...

Poultry feathers consist mainly of the protein keratin, which is rich in β-pleated sheets and consequently resistant to proteolysis. Although many keratinases have been identified, reasons for their substrate specificity towards β-keratin remain unclear due difficulties preparing a soluble feather keratin use activity assays. In present study, we overexpressed Gallus gallus chromosomes 2 27 β-keratin-encoding genes Escherichia coli, purified denatured recombinant proteins by Ni2+ affinity...

The gadB gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from Lactobacillus plantarum was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. recombinant enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 40 °C pH 5.0. 3D model structure of L. GAD proposed that its C-terminal region (Ile454–Thr468) may play an important role the dependence catalysis. Accordingly, C-terminally truncated (Δ3 Δ11 residues) mutants were generated their activities compared with wild-type different values. Unlike GAD, showed pronounced...

Plants have recently received a great deal of attention as means producing recombinant proteins. Despite this, limited number proteins are currently on the market and, if plants to be more widely used, cost-effective and efficient purification method is urgently needed. Although affinity tags convenient tools for protein purification, presence tag undesirable many applications. A using an removal after has been developed. The family 3 cellulose-binding domain (CBM3), which binds...

We investigate the effects of discrete reflection on performances upstream and downstream signals in wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON) implemented a single-fiber loopback configuration using reflective semiconductor amplifiers (RSOAs). first analyze beat interference (OBI) noise caused by reflection, clarify relation between tolerance network's operating conditions such as RSOA gain, link loss, location point, etc. The results show that impact can be expressed...

Activated macrophages take up 18F-FDG via glucose transporters, so this compound is useful for atherosclerosis imaging by PET. However, application limited of the heart and brain, in which uptake high, patients with aberrant metabolism. The aims study were to confirm that mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) specifically binds mannose receptor (MR) on test feasibility 68Ga-labeled NOTA-MSA PET atherosclerotic plaques.The peritoneal C57/B6 mice collected, incubated rhodamine B...