A new method for the long-term frequency stabilization of an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed. All existing methods are based on precise temperature specific components OEO, example, optical fiber and microwave band-pass filter. We propose a feedback control loop that detects using discriminator modifies laser wavelength to keep constant chromatic dispersion. With proposed we achieved frequency-temperature coefficient 0.2 ppm/K. Unlike previous methods, our also compensates...

The generation of high-quality wideband frequency sweeps presents a significant challenge, particularly in modern telecommunication, radar, and measurement systems where miniaturization is paramount. While phase-locked loops (PLLs) have become the dominant technique for signal generation, their application broadband necessitates fractional-N operation. This, turn, degrades phase noise introduces unwanted spurs. This paper proposes novel approach generation. By cascading two PLLs utilizing...

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), with their ubiquitous coverage, have become a cornerstone of modern position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. While spread spectrum communication offers inherent, albeit partial, resilience against interference, GNSSs remain prime target for malicious actors seeking to disrupt or degrade precise location time synchronization. Jamming mitigation has been an active research area over three decades. Despite diverse efforts, key weakness in the...

This paper presents an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) with a regenerative electronic circuit that increases the selectivity of oscillator's loop. The works as multiplier bandpass filter's quality factor. makes it possible to realize very narrow bandwidths and thus increase side-mode suppression ratio OEO. Our measurements show almost 20-dB in side modes at expense phase noise by approximately 4 dB 1-kHz frequency offset.

We present two stabilization methods for an opto-electronic oscillator. By using a frequency discriminator with feedback control loop the long-term was improved, and drift of 0.05 ppm/K achieved without any fiber thermal stabilization. In addition, phase-noise degradation as result investigated. To best our knowledge, this has not been done before type method. Our study revealed that properly designed does increase phase noise. The second method used to side-mode suppression ratio. This...

In this invited paper we review state-of-the-art opto-electronic oscillator technologies with a single optical loop, which represent emerging components for continuous-wave (CW) microwave signal generation, available both electrical and carriers. Such hybrid system uses an external electro-optical modulator, filter that selects from among the possible oscillation modes, long, optical, single-mode fiber in closed resonator loop. The required quality factor (Q) is proportional to product of...

The paper explores the evolution of wireless positioning technologies across cellular network generations, emphasizing advancements from 2G to current 5G and anticipating upcoming 6G around 2030. Positioning methods, such as Theta-Theta, Rho-Rho, Hyperbolic, are discussed for both two-dimensional three-dimensional applications, revealing complexities improvements in accuracy. limitations methods like Theta-Theta addressed, enhancements through multi-antenna systems explored. role...

The main advantage of phase noise meters with photonic (fiber) delay lines is that they do not require high-performance, low-noise reference oscillators. On the other hand, some additional calibrations are required, which subject this paper. First, quadrature must be maintained on mixer by precise adjustment and/or delay. Next, since response proportional to square input test signal, a amplitude calibration required. Finally, frequency FFT spectrum analyzer and its corresponding...

High-frequency signal oscillators are devices needed for a variety of scientific disciplines. One their fundamental requirements is low phase noise in the micro- and millimeter wave ranges. The opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) good candidate this, as it capable generating with very OEO consists an optical resonator electrical feedback components. components form delay line, which has advantage that independent oscillator’s frequency. Furthermore, by using long characteristics improved. This...

The forthcoming fifth generation (5G) of wireless and mobile technology is expected to use high-spectral-purity signals in the millimeter-wave (mm-W) range. opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) a well-known, low-phase-noise that capable generating high-frequency radio or microwave range, can also be used mm-W In order meet demand 5G technology, OEO one most promising solutions for implementing required base-stations. Even though brings some advantages, there are challenges, which need fixed...

Abstract This article describes the introduction of optical fiber for domestic users in Republic Slovenia. In years before economic crisis, accelerated deployment access networks and consequent increase number household connections were noted. Herein, network topology used by Slovenian providers is reviewed, focusing on dual-fiber use per subscriber installation. The market share near-future plans fiber-to-the-home as well government perspectives are also presented part. Keywords:...

The experimental evaluation of the phase-noise degradation an optically distributed opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) signal is presented.The assembled setup simulating a possible topology for 5G radio access network (RAN), in which local (LO) from central-office to base-stations via existing optical distribution (ODN).The OEO our experiment has phase noise -105 dBc/Hz and -124 at 1 kHz 10 offsets 10.5 GHz carrier, respectively.The base-station within distance 20 km 4 dB 6 respectively.These...

A phase detector with a reduced spurious output has been realised. Since products at the of in an electro-optical phase-locked loop (PLL) can hardly be filtered out, this kind is recommended for such application. The parallel operation two conventional detectors (double-balanced mixers or fast-logic EXOR gates) presented theoretically and then verified practical experiment. Maintaining shift 90° between detectors, twice comparing frequency significantly, resulting much cleaner spectrum PLL...

Abstract An electro‐optical RF‐clock‐distribution system for 2998.01 MHz is presented. added timing jitter of 5 fs RMS and a clock drift 9.5 over 24 h have been measured. The RF signal distributed through transmitter–receiver topology as intensity modulation on CW laser at 1550 nm. Temperature‐induced fiber group‐delay variations are compensated by adjusting the wavelength making use chromatic dispersion. uses standard, commercially‐available telecommunication optical components. © 2011...

Multi-core, optical-fiber technology is expected to be used in telecommunications and sensory systems a relatively short amount of time. However, successful transition from research laboratories industry applications will only possible with an optimized design manufacturing process. The fabrication process important aspect designing developing new multi-applicable, multi-core fibers, where the best candidate seven-core fiber. Here, basics for single-mode, fiber using stack-and-draw described...

Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) is becoming increasingly popular for the transportation of wireless signals due to it having a couple advantages in millimeter-wave communication architecture. This paper focuses on bringing new approach produce high-frequency region technology. It also gives information regarding an Opto-Electronics Oscillator (OEO) that has been designed 3 GHz with long-term stability, high side-mode suppression ratio low phase noise and can be key component 5G converged networks.

In this paper we address the limiting effect of power fading (PF) in fiber optic communication links, due to fiber's dispersive properties, and suggest a mitigation approach intensity-modulated radio-over-fiber (RoF) applications. The proposed method is independent length optical transmission path. PF mitigated by employing simple integrated photonic structure, i.e., single micro-ring resonator. latter features periodic notch-filter response, employed suppress one sidebands an double...