Abstract Natural seeder‐feeder processes play an essential role in the formation and enhancement of precipitation. However, cloud‐seeding process from mixed‐phase clouds is still not well understood due to lack sufficient observations. (seeder clouds) lower‐lying liquid (feeder were observed on 19 occasions using ground‐based polarization lidar radiosonde measurements June 2018 2020 at a mid‐latitude plain observatory Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), China. Ice crystals originating seeder fell into...

Bioluminescence, due to its high sensitivity, has been exploited in various analytical and imaging applications. In this work, we report a highly stable, cell-transductable, wavelength-tunable bioluminescence system achieved with an elegant simple design. Using aqueous situ polymerization on bioluminescent enzyme anchored polymerizable vinyl groups, obtained nanosized core−shell nanocapsules the as core cross-linked thin polymer net shell. These possess greatly enhanced stability, retained...

This work presents a spectrally resolved Raman lidar (SRRL) for simultaneous measurement of volume backscattering coefficient spectra (backscatter short) atmospheric three-phase water and fluorescent aerosols. The SRRL emits 354.8-nm laser light records both N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> echoes around 386.7 nm spectral signals in specially modified range ~393–424 nm. By defining normalized spectra, unique...

Abstract Conventional Raman lidar is constrained by the low signal of backscattering, rendering it incapable measuring atmospheric parameters in high‐altitude regions. This paper presents a powerful that employs multi‐receiver system, enabling simultaneous measurements optical properties aerosols, temperature, and water vapor. Based on single‐line‐extracted pure rotational scattering, system can make temperature from 1 up to 40 km at night 20 during day utilizing high‐precision Fabry‐Perot...

The focus of this paper is to study the relationship between sporadic Fe (Fe s ) and Na (Na layers through simultaneous common volume lidar observations. A total 37 layering events were identified from one year (195 hours) observations at Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), China. Out events, 23 (62%) are characterized by formation layers. most prominent feature for each that occurred in overlapping altitude ranges moved following almost same track. On occasion exactly simultaneously reached their...

The complete seasonal variation patterns of the nocturnal mesospheric Na and Fe layers over Wuhan, China (30°N), have been established on basis several years lidar measurements. Both layer column abundances show strong annual variations as well moderate semiannual with maxima in winter double minima from late spring to midautumn (note that only one night data is presently available between mid‐May mid‐July). abundance evidently stronger than Na. has an mean ∼2.5 × 10 9 cm −2 , while this...

Geometrical and optical characteristics of cirrus clouds were studied based on one year polarization lidar measurements (3969 h 228 different days between March 2019 February 2020) at Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), China. The showed an overall occurrence frequency ~48% mid-cloud altitude ~8–16 km over the 30°N plain site. mean values their height temperature 11.5 ± 2.0 −46.5 10.7 ℃, respectively. geometrical thickness tended to decrease with decreasing temperature, a value 2.5 1.1 km. With depth...

Abstract. Mid-level stratiform precipitations during the passage of warm fronts were detailedly observed on two occasions (light and moderate rain) by a 355 nm polarization lidar water vapor Raman lidar, both equipped with waterproof transparent roof windows. The hours-long precipitation streaks shown in signal (X) volume depolarization ratio (δv) reveal some ubiquitous features microphysical process precipitating hydrometeors. We find that for light-rain case reaches surface begins as...

High‐accuracy atom density profiles, obtained by the simultaneous and common‐volume Fe Na lidar measurements at Wuhan, China (30.5°N, 114.4°E), reveal some ubiquitous features of layers on their borders. The lower boundaries show consistently a delicate stratification in which boundary layer is general slightly higher than or coincident with that layer, an overall mean altitude difference being about 0.2 km. Despite existence considerable vertical displacements, two vary always following...

A ~ 50-h-lasting mid-level thin liquid cloud layer was present over south and central China on December 13–15, 2018. Its characteristics were revealed by the observations from a polarization lidar water vapor Raman at mid-latitude site together with two geostationary satellites space-borne CALIOP, as well conventional radiosondes. This optically thick top ~3.5-km altitude thickness of ~0.7 km. It resided warm-front-related inversion extending slightly above having temperature − 4 to 1 °C. We...

Aerosol vertical profiling is crucial to understand the formation mechanism and evolution processes of haze, which have not yet been comprehensively clarified. In this study, we investigated a severe, persistent haze event in Wuhan (30.5° N, 114.4° E), China during 5–18 January 2013 by use polarization lidar, Cimel sun photometer, meteorological datasets, hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, focusing on time–height aerosols both atmospheric boundary layer...

A total of 3047 individual shallow cumuli were identified from 9 years polarization lidar measurements (2011–2019) at Wuhan, China (30.5°N, 114.4°E). These fair-weather occurred the top edge convective boundary layer between April and October with maximum occurrence in July over 30°N plain site. They persisted mostly (&gt;92%) for a short period ~1–10 min had geometrical thickness ~50–600 m (a mean 209 ± 138 m). The majority (&gt;94%) cloud bases these found to appear ~50–560 308 254 m)...

Abstract The local formation characteristics of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds on mid‐level moisture advection layers have been revealed by the ∼2‐year observations from routinely operating ground‐based water vapor Raman Lidar, polarization cloud radar, and conventional radiosondes at a subtropical site. These were commonly observed during all seasons over our site, whereas occurred mainly in winter when 0°C isotherm level lower altitudes. It was determined that these mostly...

Abstract. Mid-level stratiform precipitations during the passage of warm front were detailedly observed on two occasions (light and moderate rain) by a 355-nm polarization lidar water-vapor Raman lidar, both equipped with waterproof transparent roof windows. The hours-long precipitation streaks shown in signal (X) volume depolarization ratio (δv) reveal some ubiquitous features microphysical process precipitating hydrometeors. We find that for light rain case, surface rainfall begins as...