Camouflaging (using (un)conscious strategies to appear as non-autistic) is thought be an important reason for late autism diagnoses and mental health difficulties. However, it unclear whether only autistic people camouflage or with other neurodevelopmental conditions also use similar camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this preregistered study (AsPredicted: #41811) study, we investigated if adults attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) camouflage. Adults aged 30-90 years filled...

Longitudinal studies on cognitive aging in autism are scarce, and largely underpowered, yet essential to obtain more conclusive results changes during adulthood. In the largest longitudinal study cognition thus far, we aimed get insight into autism. As pre-registered, computed reliable change indices (RCIs) multilevel models estimate 128 autistic, 112 non-autistic adults (range: 24-85 yrs.) over two three timepoints (average interval: 3.5 yrs.). Participants were tested 15 outcome measures,...

Autism spectrum conditions were once seen as a predominantly male condition, but this has caused research to have little focus on women. Therefore, is known about menstruation and menopause in autism conditions. Some smaller studies indicate that autistic individuals might suffer from increased difficulties surrounding these events. This study aimed investigate whether women experience more frequent premenstrual dysphoric disorder, causing extreme physical, emotional, functional impairment....

While the increased incidence of dementia and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) suggests that autistic adults may face challenges at older age, extent to which SCCs predict (future) functioning remains uncertain. This uncertainty is complicated by associations with variables like depression. The current study aims unravel interplay depression, performance, in autism. Using a large cross-sectional cohort (n=202) non-autistic (n=247), we analyzed performance across three domains (visual...

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) develop early in life and are thought to last a lifetime. However, ASC research has two major knowledge gaps that hinder progression understanding the concept of providing proper support for autistic adults: (1) majority about mainly stems from childhood studies so little is known older adults (2) while it broadly recognised heterogeneous condition, we do not yet understand differences trajectories leading their future outcome. We aim fill both gaps.A...

Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ their methodology, replication needed. In this study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that autistic adults compared non-autistic mostly parallel, but also protective can be observed. Participants 88 adults, matched comparisons (age range: 30-89 years, mean age: 55 years)....

Abstract Research shows heterogeneity in experiences of social contact and networks autistic adults. In this study, we aim to identify clusters support investigate associations with mastery, quality life, autism characteristics. Autistic adults ( N = 381; 45.7% female) aged between 30 90 years completed questionnaires on characteristics, life. A two-step cluster analysis was used based network items. The revealed three clusters: Cluster 1 n 238) two or more close persons, sometimes including...

Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how measure camouflaging by performing a conceptual replication of the original study Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether self-reported measuring same construct second most used manner behavior, discrepancy method. total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30–92 years, filled out Dutch translation CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). 90...

Abstract Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group‐based comparisons on cognitive aging in adults might have overlooked those that are particularly vulnerable for decline. Multivariate normative (MNC) statistically assess individual differences the entire profile. deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future decline, and is therefore sensitive detecting meaningful differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate applicability...

Prospective memory helps us to remember perform tasks in the future. can be either time or event based. The goal of this study was determine time- and event-based prospective autistic adults across life span. Autistic ( n = 82) non-autistic 111) adults, aged between 30 86 years, performed lab-based Amsterdam Breakfast Task, several naturalistic tasks. Preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #34249) were using classical frequentist as well Bayesian statistics. On none tasks, group differences...

Abstract Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity determining subgroups autistic adults that differed clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality life (QoL). Two were identified: a “Feelings Low Grip” subgroup experiencing lower sense mastery higher susceptibility difficulties daily life, High life. The current pre‐registered study involves...

Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average high intelligence, clarify if certain might need support. included 14 questionnaire variables related aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification an original sample of 114 adulthood diagnosis (autism) 58 non-autistic as comparison group (COMP), a replication (N

Camouflaging is hypothesized to play an important role in developing mental health difficulties. But this might not be true for everyone. It remains unclear whom camouflaging associated with health. In preregistered study (AsPredicted #45095), we investigated whether (1) and were (2) could detect subgroups a different association between For study, 352 autistic adults aged 30–84 years filled in, among others, the Dutch Autistic Traits Questionnaire measure Symptom Checklist-90 Revised We...

Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults but also adults. We aimed to determine whether mean differences correspond network structure of these (1) (2) two previously identified autism subgroups. A total 16 variables related demographic psychological were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) used for estimation 261 384 comparisons aged 30–85 years. Second, we repeated this step within subgroups ( N 1 = 124, 2 130). Third,...

Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ their methodology, replication needed. In this study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that autistic adults compared non-autistic mostly parallel, but also protective can be observed. Participants 88 adults, matched comparisons (age range: 30-89 years, mean age: 55 years)....

Objectives: In this study, we aim to discover whether there are valid subgroups in aging that defined by modifiable factors and determinant of clinically relevant outcomes regarding healthy aging. Method: Data from interviews were collected the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam at two measurement occasions with a 3-year interval. Input for analyses seven well-known vulnerability protective By means community detection, tested could distinguish sample 1478 participants (T1-sample, aged...

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) were once seen as a predominantly male. This has caused paucity of information on common events in the lives women, such menstruation and menopause. Some smaller studies indicate that autistic individuals might suffer from increased difficulties surrounding these events. study aims to investigate, whether experience more frequent premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), complaints In 70 (ASC n=28, comparisons n= 42) we did not find an prevalence PMDD (14.3%)...

Purpose: Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average high intelligence, clarify if certain might need support. Methods: included 14 questionnaire variables related aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification an original sample of 114 adulthood diagnosis (Autism) 58 non-autistic as comparison group...

Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group-based comparisons on cognitive aging in adults might have overlooked those that are particularly vulnerable for decline. Multivariate normative (MNC) statistically assess individual differences the entire profile. deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future decline, and is therefore sensitive detecting meaningful differences. The current study aimed to 1) applicability performance autism...

Background: Research on cognitive aging in autism yielded inconclusive results, which could be due to the heterogeneity among autistic adults. Possibly, some adults are more vulnerable accelerated than others. We previously identified two subgroups of that differed behavioral (psychological, demographic and lifestyle) characteristics, with one reporting difficulties daily life. This study aims assess whether these associated different patterns aging. Methods: Two (N1=65, N2=78) were compared...

Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity identification subgroups autistic adults that differed clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality life (QoL). The current pre-registered study involves a longitudinal extension determine (a) stability (b) predictive value previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were using community detection...

Longitudinal studies on cognitive aging in autism are scarce, and largely underpowered, yet essential to obtain more conclusive results changes during adulthood. In the largest longitudinal study cognition thus far, we aimed get insight into autism. As pre-registered, computed reliable change indices (RCIs) multilevel models estimate 128 autistic, 112 non-autistic adults (range: 24-85 yrs.) over two three timepoints (average interval: 3.5 yrs.). Participants were tested 15 outcome measures,...

Purpose: Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults, but also adults. We aim to determine whether mean differences correspond network structure of these (a) (b) two previously identified autism subgroups. Methods: 16 variables related demographic psychological were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models used for estimation 261 adults 384 comparisons aged 30-85 years. Second, we repeated this step within subgroups (N1=124, N2=130)....

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) develop early in life and are thought to last a lifetime. However, ASC research has two major knowledge gaps that hinder progression understanding the concept of providing proper support for autistic adults: 1) majority about mainly stems from childhood studies so little is known older adults; 2) while it broadly recognized heterogeneous condition, we do not yet understand differences trajectories leading their future outcome. We aim fill both gaps.A...