The chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin is considered to play an important role in the maintenance transparency eye lens. However, case aging and diabetes, chaperone function compromized, resulting cataract formation. Several post-translational modifications, including non-enzymatic glycation, have been shown affect diabetes. A variety agents identified as predominant sources for formation AGEs (advanced glycation end-products) various tissues, Nevertheless, with sugars has resulted...

Alpha-crystallin is a member of the small heat-shock protein family and functions like molecular chaperone, may thus help in maintaining transparency eye lens by protecting proteins from various stress conditions. Non-enzymic glycation long-lived has been implicated several age- diabetes-related complications, including cataract. Dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal glyoxal have identified predominant source for formation advanced end-products tissues lens. We investigated effect...

The GH receptor (GHR) is expressed on macrophages. However, the precise role of in regulation macrophage function unclear. We hypothesized that soluble factors including cytokines produced by macrophages a GH-dependent manner regulate adipogenesis. confirmed expression and functional integrity GHR J774A.1 cells. Conditioned medium (CM) from inhibited adipogenesis 3T3-L1 assay. CM GH-treated decreased inhibitory effect This preadipocyte differentiation was active only during first (early)...

We investigated GH action on macrophage (MΦ) by creating a MΦ-specific receptor-null mouse model (MacGHR KO). On normal diet (10% fat), MacGHR KO and littermate controls exhibited similar growth profiles glucose excursions intraperitoneal (ipGTT) insulin tolerance (ITT) tests. However, when challenged with high fat (HFD, 45% fat) for 18 weeks, mice impaired ipGTT ITT compared controls. In KO, adipose-tissue (AT) MΦ abundance was increased skewing toward M1 polarization. Expression of...

The prevalence of diabetes reaches epidemic proportions. Diabetes is the leading cause end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) since 30–40% diabetic patients develop nephropathy. Albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate used to assess function are considered surrogate outcomes chronic disease. search for a biomarker that predicts progression intense. We analyzed association serum advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) index (AGI) with impaired in poorly controlled type II patients. observed an...

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) have a critical role under stress conditions to maintain cellular homeostasis by their involvement in protein-folding and cytoprotection. The hyperglycemia diabetes may impose on the retina. Therefore, we investigated expression of sHsps, phosphoregulation αB-crystallin (αBC), localization diabetic rat retina.Diabetes was induced rats maintained for period 12 weeks. HSFs, phosphorylated sHsps analyzed quantitative (q) RT-PCR immunoblotting. solubility...

The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a characteristic feature diabetic tissues and accumulation AGEs been implicated in the pathogenesis nephropathy (DN). Ellagic acid prevented turn ameliorated proteinurea rats.

Abstract Glomerular podocytes are integral members of the glomerular filtration barrier in kidney and crucial for permselectivity. These highly differentiated cells vulnerable to an array noxious stimuli that prevail several diseases. Elevated circulating growth hormone (GH) levels associated with podocyte injury proteinuria diabetes. However, precise mechanism(s) by which excess GH elicits podocytopathy remains be elucidated. Previous studies have shown express receptor (GHR) induce Notch...

The cell cycle comprises sequential events during which a duplicates its genome and divides it into two daughter cells. This process is tightly regulated to ensure that the receives identical copied chromosomal DNA any errors in replication are correctly repaired. Cyclins their enzyme partners, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), critical regulators of G M phase transitions cycle. Mitogenic signals induce formation cyclin/CDK complexes, resulting phosphorylation activation CDKs. Once activated,...

Growth hormone (GH) excess results in structural and functional changes the kidney is implicated as a causative factor development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Glomerular podocytes are major barrier to filtration serum proteins, altered podocyte function and/or reduced number key event pathogenesis DN. We have previously shown that target for GH action. To elucidate molecular basis effects on podocyte, we conducted microarray RT-quantitative PCR analyses immortalized human identified zinc...

The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) plays a critical role in ensuing protein free urine. integrity of the GFB is compromised during hypoxia that prevails extreme physiological conditions. However, mechanism by which permselectivity remains enigmatic. Rats exposed to showed decreased rate, podocyte foot-processes effacement, and proteinuria. Accumulation hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) podocytes resulted elevated expression zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) E- P-cadherin. We...

The glomerular podocytes form a major size selective barrier for the filtration of serum proteins and reduced podocyte number is critical event in pathogenesis proteinuria during diabetic nephropathy (DN). An elevated level growth hormone (GH) implicated as causative factor development patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We have previously shown that express GH receptor are target action. To elucidate molecular basis effects on depletion, we conducted PCR-array analyses extracellular...