Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a new paradigm that has great potential to achieve cost-effective, energy-efficient information modulation for wireless transmission, by the ability change reflection coefficients of unit cells programmable metasurface. Nevertheless, electromagnetic responses RISs are usually only phase-adjustable, which considerably limits achievable rate RIS-based transmitters. In this paper, we propose an RIS architecture amplitude-and-phase-varying modulation,...

This letter investigates the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multiple-input single-output wireless transmission system. Particularly, optimization of passive phase shift each element at IRS to maximize downlink received signal-to-noise ratio is considered. Inspired by huge success deep reinforcement learning (DRL) on resolving complicated control problems, we develop a DRL based framework solve this non-convex problem. Numerical results reveal that proposed can achieve almost...

The research on the sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications for development of future mobile communication networks has been officially launched around world. 6G face multifarious challenges, such as resource-constrained devices, difficult resource management, high complexity heterogeneous network architectures, explosive computing and storage requirements, privacy security threats. To address these deploying blockchain artificial intelligence (AI) in may realize new breakthroughs...

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has received a lot of interest because its capacity to reconfigure the wireless communication environment in cost- and energy-efficient way. However, realistic power consumption modeling measurement validation RIS far too little attention. Therefore, this work, we model conduct validations using various RISs fill vacancy. Firstly, propose practical RIS. hardware is divided into three basic parts: FPGA control board, drive circuits, unit cells....

In this letter, the use of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to enhance physical layer security downlink wireless communication is investigated. Assuming a single-antenna legitimate user and multi-antenna eavesdropper, we propose an effective algorithm jointly optimize active passive beamforming. proposed algorithm, optimal transmit beamforming vector at BS under fixed IRS phase shifts derived, low-complexity based on fractional programming (FP) manifold optimization (MO) obtain near...

This letter investigates the achievable spectral efficiency (SE) of massive multiple-input multiple-output transmission systems with hybrid architectures based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing, where base station (BS) has perfect channel state information and baseband processing is performed by zero-forcing precoding. We derive tractable upper lower bounds SE. Based these results, effects number radio frequency (RF) chains, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), users are revealed....

In this paper, we investigate a downlink transmission algorithm for single-cell multiuser systems with two-dimensional (2-D) large-scale antenna array at the base station (BS) over Rician fading channels. We first derive some properties of channel's line-of-sight (LOS) component in scenario. Next, based on these and under assumption only statistical channel state information (CSI), i.e., LOS $K$-factor, BS, optimal beamforming vector each user maximizing an approximation ergodic sum rate....

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) becomes an increasingly important technology in sixth-generation (6G). The key aspect of RIS is smartly configuring the wireless propagation environment and providing supplementary links to enhance signal transmission between BS UE. In recent years, there has been a surge interest RISs joint active passive beamforming design improve system performance RIS-assisted systems with assumption uncorrelated environments. To date, far too little attention...

With the envisioned demands of extremely high coverage and excellent network capacity, 6G system is a focus attention in both academia industry. For upcoming 6G, communications networks deployed currently are supposed to be improved by some promising technologies, such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), due their superior capability manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, few researches have been done on performance enhancement when RIS current Commercial Mobile Networks. In...

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a competitive solution to the blocking problem in millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. However, due passive nature of RIS, obtaining channel state information (CSI) for RIS-assisted mmWave communication systems is rather difficult. Considering that currently available RIS hardware cannot arbitrarily switch between active (reflection with configurable phase response) and deactivate (absorption) modes, we suggest new beam training...

In this paper, we provide a practical downlink transmission approach for single-cell full-dimension multiple-input-multiple-output (FD-MIMO) systems with large-scale uniform planar antenna array at the base station (BS). Under assumption of only statistical channel state information (CSI) BS, derive optimal beamforming vector each user by maximizing lower bound on average signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio. Some main guidelines scheduling are also derived under criterion. Based these...

In this paper, we study the problem of recovering a low-rank matrix from number random linear measurements that are corrupted by outliers taking arbitrary values. We consider nonsmooth nonconvex formulation problem, in which explicitly enforce property solution using factored representation variable and employ an $\ell_1$-loss function to robustify against outliers. show even when constant fraction (which can be up almost half) arbitrarily corrupted, as long certain measurement operators...

Future wireless communication networks are expected to fulfill the unprecedented performance requirements support our highly digitized and globally data-driven society. Various technological challenges must be overcome achieve goal. Among many potential technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) artificial intelligence (AI) have attracted extensive attention, thereby leading a proliferation of studies for utilizing them in systems. The RIS-based frameworks AI-enabled two...

This paper proposes a fully decentralized adaptive re-weighted state estimation (DARSE) scheme for power systems via network gossiping. The enabling technique is the proposed Gossip-based Gauss-Newton (GGN) algorithm, which allows to harness computation capability of each area (i.e. database server that accrues data from local sensors) collaboratively solve an accurate global state. DARSE mitigates influence bad by updating their error variances online and re-weighting contributions...

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm communication has drawn much attention in search and rescue (SAR) missions owing to its wide wireless coverage increasing autonomy navigation. In this article, we consider maximizing the downlink of a UAV an unknown mission area by controlling quasistationary deployments UAVs. Particularly, stochastic link failures caused channel fading noise UAV-to-UAV links are considered control. Specifically, due delay sensitivity onboard energy limitation...

This letter investigates a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system aided by reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). To reduce the overhead and cost, we consider 1-bit resolution column-wise controllable RIS, aim to design reflection phase shifts of elements on RIS improve spectral efficiency. By leveraging deep Q-network (DQN) framework, reinforcement learning (DRL) based optimization algorithm is proposed in order shifts. Simulations illustrate that...

Network survivability and protection mechanisms are very important necessary in optical networks. The long-reach passive network (LR-PON) proposed this paper extends the access to hundreds of kilometers, it can support more units by wavelength division multiplexing technology. We propose an efficient mechanism for whole LR-PON. Optical encoders used monitor network, a management system central office will initialize process monitoring information collects. When works normally, space...

A massive multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system working at millimeter-wave frequencies is a new concept that has appeared in recent years. In such systems, the sparsity of beamspace channel matrix makes rank reduction and limited feedback realizable. Based on these preferable features, this paper introduces two kinds transformation exploits their corresponding characters. Then, spatial division multiple access (SDMA) interference suppression precoding are investigated...

We optimize the deployment of an aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface (ARIS) to assist high altitude platform (HAP) downlink transmission when direct link is blocked. Specifically, we maximize received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ground users by jointly optimizing trajectory and phase-shift ARIS with consideration unknown movement HAP, which caused changes in stratospheric wind air density. Due non-convex nature formulated optimization problem, decouple problem propose alternative...

In this letter, we investigate the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted multi-cell downlink multi-input single-output system under assumption of only statistical channel state information at base stations and RIS. Firstly, a closed-form ergodic weighted sum rate approximation is obtained. Then, based on approximation, propose an approximate optimal joint beamforming vectors RIS phase shift matrix design algorithm utilizing fractional programming complex circle manifold....

In this paper, we investigate the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-enabled multiple-input-single-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MISO-OFDM) system under frequency-selective channels, and propose a low-complexity alternating optimization (AO) based joint beamforming RIS phase shifts algorithm to maximize achievable rate. First, with fixed shifts, devise optimal closed- form transmit vectors corresponding different subcarriers. Then, given active vectors,...

This letter investigates the joint user scheduling and phase shift design for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted multi-cell downlink systems. A closed-form ergodic sum spectral efficiency (SE) approximation is utilized as optimization metric. Based on this approximation, we schedule users, whose cascaded channels are mostly correlated with each other's, to maximize user's effective signal. Moreover, RIS designed be mean of scheduled users' channel phases. With proposed...

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication, has been considered widely as one of the revolutionary technologies for next generation networks. However, due to novel propagation characteristics RISs, underlying RIS channel modeling and measurement research is still in its infancy not fully investigated. In this paper, we conduct multi-scenario broadband measurements RIS-assisted communications at sub-6 GHz band. The are carried out three scenarios covering outdoor,...