Abstract Background The Progress Test Medizin (PTM) is a formative test for medical students issued twice year by the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. PTM provides numerical feedback based on global view of strengths and weaknesses students. This can benefit from more fine-grained information, pinpointing topics where need to improve, as well advice what they should learn in light their results. scale PTM, taken than 10,000 participants every academic semester, makes it necessary automate...

Background Postoperative anaemia is a frequent surgical complication and in contrast to preoperative has not been validated relation mortality, morbidity its associated health economic effect. can predispose postoperative delirium through impairment of cerebral oxygenation. The aim this secondary analysis investigate the association accordance with sex specific World Health Organization definition impact on duration hospital stay. Methods A prospective multicentric observational CESARO-study...

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are frequent serious complications after surgery. We aim to investigate the association between genetic variants in cholinergic candidate genes according Kyoto encyclopedia of genomes - pathway: neurotransmission with development POD or POCD elderly patients. Methods This analysis is part European BioCog project ( www.biocog.eu ), a prospective multicenter observational study surgical Patients...

The Progress Test Medizin (PTM) is a 200-question formative test that administered to approximately 11,000 students at medical universities (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) each term. Students receive feedback on their knowledge (development) mostly in comparison own cohort. In this study, we use the data of PTM find groups with similar response patterns.We performed k-means clustering dataset 5,444 students, selected cluster number k = 5, and answers as features. Subsequently, was passed...

Exams like the formative Progress Test Medizin can enhance their effectiveness by offering feedback beyond numerical scores. Content-based feedback, which encompasses relevant information from exam questions, be valuable for students them insight into performance on current exam, as well serving study aids and tools revision. Our goal was to utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) in preparing content-based evaluate this task. We two popular LLMs conduct a comparative assessment performing...

Congenital intracranial cysts account for a significant portion of lesions in the pediatric population. The efficiency surgical treatment cohort with arachnoid (ACs) at different locations regarding clinical symptoms and mass effect was evaluated.

Abstract Background In DNA methylation analyses like epigenome-wide association studies, effects in differentially methylated CpG sites are assessed. Two kinds of outcomes can be used for statistical analysis: Beta-values and M -values. -values follow a normal distribution help to detect sites. As biological effect measures, differences more or less meaningless. interest since they interpreted directly as percentage at given site, but have poor properties. Different frameworks proposed...

During gestation, the most drastic change in oxygen supply occurs with onset of ventilation after birth. As too early exposure premature infants to high arterial pressure leads characteristic diseases, we studied adaptation sensing system and its targets, hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) regulated genes (HRGs) developing lung. We draw a detailed picture by integrating information from qPCR, immunoblotting, situ hybridization, single-cell RNA sequencing data ex vivo models. HIF1α protein was...

"The limits of my language are the mind. All I know is what have words for" (Wittgenstein). When learning something completely new, we connect unknown term to an already existing part our knowledge. We can only build new ideas and insights upon conceptual foundation. In field statistics, educators frequently find ourselves met with great confusion when teaching novices. These students, entirely unfamiliar even basic must introduced statistical terms within their personal networks largely...

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has been the source of many challenges for medical students worldwide. authors examined short-term effects on knowledge gain in German-speaking countries. Methods. development during was measured by comparing outcomes shared questions within Berlin Progress Test (PT) pairs. PT is a formative test 200 multiple choice at graduate level, which provides feedback to and their course study. It provided about 11,000 Germany Austria around beginning each semester....

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> The detection of guessing patterns in low-stakes progress testing could naturally be understood as a statistical classification problem where test takers are assigned to groups according probabilities given by machine learning model. However, the relevant literature on this topic does not include many examples approach is discussed; date, strategies applied tackle have been mostly based either rapid response counting or unusual answer patterns....

<title>Abstract</title> Exams like the formative Progress Test Medizin can enhance their effectiveness by offering feedback beyond numerical scores. Content-based feedback, which encompasses relevant information from exam questions, be valuable for students them insight into performance on current exam, as well serving study aids and tools revision.Our goal was to utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) in preparing content-based evaluate this task.We two popular LLMs conduct a comparative...

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> The detection of guessing patterns in low-stakes progress testing could naturally be understood as a statistical classification problem where test takers are assigned to groups according probabilities given by machine learning model. However, the relevant literature on this topic does not include many examples approach is discussed; date, strategies applied tackle have been mostly based either rapid response counting or unusual answer patterns....

<title>Abstract</title> The detection of guessing patterns in low-stakes progress testing could naturally be understood as a statistical classification problem where test takers are assigned to groups according probabilities given by machine learning model. However, the relevant literature on this topic does not include many examples approach is discussed; date, strategies applied tackle have been mostly based either rapid response counting or unusual answer patterns. On basis 14,897...

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: The Progress Test Medizin (PTM) is a formative test for medical students issued twice year by the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. We used data from PTM to automatically generate personalized feedback designed identify knowledge gaps of participants as exactly possible with help large language models and statistical analysis. <bold>Methods</bold>: have developed seven-step approach fulfil purpose this study. Firstly, model (ChatGPT 4.0)...

Abstract Background To detect changes in biological processes, samples are often studied at several time points. We examined expression data measured different developmental stages, or more broadly, historical data. Hence, the main assumption of our proposed methodology was independence between over time. In addition, however, examinations were clustered each point by measuring littermates from relatively few mother mice stage. As examination lethal, we had an independent structure entire...

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been the source of many challenges for medical students worldwide. authors examined short-term effects on knowledge gain as well shifts in learning behavior and study-related emotional states. Method development was measured comparing outcomes shared questions within Progress Test (PT) pairs. used mixed-effect regression models compared absolute variations percentage correct answers per subject. Three successive test pairs were analyzed this...

Abstract Background: To detect changes in biological processes samples are oftenmeasured at several time points. We observe expression data measured atdifferent developmental stages, or more broadly, historical data. Hence, the mainassumption of our proposed methodology is independence between theobserved over time. In addition, observations clustered eachpoint The clustering caused by measuring litter mates from relativelyfew mother mice each development stage. examination lethal.Therefore,...

Abstract Background In methylation analyses like epigenome-wide association studies, a high amount of biomarkers is tested for an between the measured continuous outcome and different covariates. case covariate smoking pack years (SPY), measure lifetime exposure to tobacco toxins, spike at zero can occur. Hence, all non-smokers are generating peak zero, while patients distributed over other SPY values. Additionally, might also occur on right side distribution, if category “heavy smoker”...

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been the source of many challenges for medical students worldwide. authors examined short-term effects on knowledge gain in German speaking countries. Method development during was measured comparing outcomes shared questions within Berlin Progress Test (PT) pairs. PT is a formative test 200 multiple choice at graduate level, which provides feedback to and their course study. It provided about 11,000 Germany Austria around beginning each...

Abstract Background: The Progress Test Medicine (PTM) is a 200-question formative test administered to approximately 11,000 students at medical faculties (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) each semester. Participants receive feedback on their knowledge (development) mostly in comparison own In this study, we use the data of assessment find groups with similar answer patterns.Methods: We performed k-means clustering dataset 5,444 participations, selected cluster number k=5, and answers as...

Abstract Background: In longitudinal studies, observations are made over time. Hence, the single at each time point dependent, making them a repeated measurement. this work, we explore different, counterintuitive setting: At developmental point, lethal observation is performed on pregnant or nursing mother. Therefore, points independent. Furthermore, in offspring correlated with other because litter consists of several (genetically linked) littermates. addition, observed series short from...