The authors review the literature on sibling relationships in childhood and adolescence, starting by tracing themes from foundational research theory then focusing empirical during past 2 decades. This documents siblings' centrality family life, sources of variation relationship qualities, significance siblings for child adolescent development adjustment. Sibling influences emerge not only context frequent often emotionally intense interactions but also virtue role larger system dynamics....

Abstract We review research on the family's role in gender development during childhood and adolescence. Our discussion highlights children's dyadic family relationship experiences with their parents siblings; additionally, we describe ways which larger system of relationships, including gendered dynamics marriage differential sisters versus brothers may have implications for development. also emphasize significance contextual factors—ranging from situational demands affordances to forces...

Although siblings are a fixture of family life, research on sibling relationships lags behind that other relationships. To stimulate interest in and to serve as guide for future investigations by scholars, we review four theoretical psychologically oriented perspectives—(a) psychoanalytic-evolutionary, (b) social psychological, (c) learning, (d) family-ecological systems— can inform relationships, including perspectives the nature influences developmental, individual, group differences Given...

The purpose of this article was to explore how family chaos, parenting processes, parent-child relationship qualities, and sibling qualities changed before versus the early months COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included one parent two adolescent-aged children from 682 families (2,046 participants). Parents youth participating in an ongoing longitudinal study five Midwestern states United States completed additional web-based assessment processes during May-June 2020 pandemic-related...

To address a significant gap in the literature on normative processes minority families, authors studied adolescents' sibling relationships two-parent Mexican American families and explored connections between relationship characteristics familism. Participants were 246 adolescent pairs who participated (a) home interviews during which adolescents described their familism values (b) series of 7 nightly phone calls reported daily activities, including time spent with siblings family members....

Student service members/veterans represent a growing population on college campuses. Despite this growth, scholarly investigations into their health- and adjustment-related issues are almost nonexistent. The limited research that is available suggests student may have trouble connecting with civilian counterparts be at risk for social isolation. present study compared the development implications of emotional support from peers among 199 181 students through 3 distinct occasions over course...

The development of gender attitudes in 402 youth (201 firstborn and 201 secondborn siblings) European American families was examined using data collected on seven occasions across 9 years. Pooling siblings multilevel modeling, we attitude from ages 7 to 19. Consistent with an ecological perspective, the combined effects individual (i.e., sex, age, birth order) contextual parents' attitudes, sibling sex) characteristics predicted patterns change. Although most declined traditionality, boys...

Abstract Although commonly cited as explanations for patterns of sibling similarity and difference, observational learning deidentification processes have rarely been examined directly. Using a person‐oriented approach, we identified in adolescents' perceptions influences connected these to similarities differences relationship qualities. Participants included two adolescent‐age siblings (firstborn age M = 16.39, second‐born 13.78) from 171 maritally intact families. Two‐stage cluster...

Parental differential treatment has been linked to individual well‐being and sibling relationship quality in childhood, adolescence, middle adulthood but not examined young adulthood. Data were collected from 151 pairs of adult siblings (N = 302, M age 23.90, SD 5.02). Two each family reported on mothers fathers, depressive symptoms, quality. Using multilevel modeling, analyses the role favoritism magnitude both fathers. Offspring who receiving less support relative their (i.e., favored)...

This study charted the course of parent–child and sibling relationships from early adolescence to adulthood examined how these changed following firstborns' departure their parents' home for first time. Data were drawn a 10-year longitudinal family relationships. Participants included mothers, fathers, first- secondborn children 184 White, working middle class families. Multilevel models revealed declines in conflict, acceptance, negativity increases or U-shaped patterns intimacy over Birth...

To determine whether posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences, as well academic correlates among military-affiliated civilian students.

Extant research documents how siblings' relationships develop from childhood through adolescence; yet, we know little about sibling change in young adulthood. Rooted life course theory, this 2-wave longitudinal study investigated changes closeness and conflict, the roles of transitions similarity stage. Participants included 273 adults 180 families who reported on 340 (Time 1 M age = 24.45, SD 5.33; Time 2 30.23, 5.33). Multilevel repeated measures analysis covariance indicated that,...

The current study examined changes in adolescents’ school bonding from before to during the COVID‐19 pandemic and its individual, parenting, family‐level correlates. Participants were two adolescents (50% male; M age = 14 years) one parent (85% female; 45 682 families ( N 2046) an ongoing longitudinal study. Adolescents reported on their bonding, stress, coping, while parents involvement education pandemic‐related financial need. A two‐wave latent change score model suggested that decreased...

This study sought evidence for the proposition that experiences with earlier‐born adolescents will improve parents' interactions and parenting of later‐born adolescents. Participants were mothers, fathers, both first‐ second‐born siblings from 392 families participating in a longitudinal study. To collect information on siblings' family experiences, members interviewed individually their homes. During subsequent 2 to 3 weeks, 7 evening telephone interviews also conducted, which focused daily...

The authors studied sibling relationships of African American youths and family youth characteristics linked to dynamics. Participants were fathers, mothers, 2 siblings (M = 14.04 M 10.34 years age) from 172 working-middle class 2-parent families. Cluster analyses data collected in home interviews revealed 3 relationship types: positive, negative, distant. Parent education was lower, parent religiosity higher, parent-child more positive the group; maternal discrimination experiences higher...

Objective: An accumulating body of work indicates that siblings uniquely influence each other's alcohol and substance use behaviors during adolescence. The mechanisms underlying these associations, however, are unknown because most studies have not measured sibling processes. present study addressed this gap by exploring the links between multiple processes similarities in use. Method: sample included one parent two adolescent (earlier born age: M = 17.17 years, SD 0.94; later 14.52 1.27)...

There is considerable evidence that exposure to alcohol marketing increases the likelihood of adolescents initiating and engaging in consumption. a paucity research, however, specifically examining industry generated occurring on social media/networking platforms.The purpose this investigation was analyze content promotional advertisements by brands Instagram.For 30-day period, Instagram profiles 15 distinct were examined. Pictorial posts/updates from each profile screen captured...

The authors studied sex-typing in the kinds (e.g., sports, handicrafts) and social contexts (same- vs. other-sex companions) of children's free time activities, links between sex-typed activities gender development over 2 years. Participants were 200 White, working- middle-class children (103 girls, 97 boys; mean age = 10.86 years). In annual home interviews, rated their self-esteem, role attitudes personality qualities, academic interests, school grades. During 7 nightly phone interviews...

Abstract: This study examined the links between sibling relational aggression and other relationship qualities (i.e., intimacy, negativity, temporal involvement) broader parenting dynamics. Participants included 185 adolescent pairs their mothers fathers. Data were gathered during home interviews a series of nightly phone calls with adolescents parents. Findings revealed that was related to intimacy negativity. In addition, connections emerged parent‐child relationship, parents’ differential...

Drawing on cultural–ecological and person–environment fit perspectives, this study examined links among Mexican‐American adolescents' time with peers parents, parents' cultural orientations, psychosocial adjustment orientations. Participants were 492 adolescents ( M s=15.7 12.8 years for older siblings younger siblings) their parents in 246 families. Family members described family relationships, functioning home interviews, time‐use data collected during a series of nightly phone calls....

Abstract: This study examined the nature and correlates of adolescents’ perceptions sibling influence. Participants included 2 siblings (firstborn age M = 17.34; second‐born 14.76 years) from 191 maritally intact families. Adolescents’ influence were measured via coded responses to open‐ended questions about whether their had an on them. Analyses revealed that older younger reported different patterns Differentiation being a role model more prevalent for firstborns, whereas modeling plus...

This study charted the longitudinal trajectories of wives’ and husbands’ reports marital love, satisfaction, conflict explored whether how first‐ second‐born offspring’s pubertal development was related to changes. Data were drawn from first 7 years a family relationships. Participants included wives, husbands, children 188 White, working‐ middle‐class families. Multilevel models revealed declines over time in love satisfaction but only small changes conflict. Offspring’s qualities;...