Eleven of 69 prospectively enrolled primary progressive aphasics were selected for this study because peak atrophy sites located predominantly or exclusively within the anterior left temporal lobe. Cortical volumes in these areas reduced to less than half control values, whereas average volume elsewhere hemisphere deviated from values by only 8%. Failure name objects emerged as most consistent and severe deficit. Naming errors attributed pure retrieval failure if object could not be named...

Individuals with schizophrenia and individuals high-functioning autism (HFA) seem to share some social, behavioral biological features. Although marked impairments in social cognition have been documented both groups, little empirical work has compared the cognitive functioning of these two clinical groups.Forty-four schizophrenia, 36 HFA 41 non-clinical controls completed a battery measures that linked previously specific brain regions.The results indicate were impaired on variety tasks...

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that causes gradual atrophy of the left hemisphere language network, leading to impairments object naming (anomia) and word comprehension. In 33 human subjects with PPA, comprehension were explored N400 potentials elicited by picture–word or picture–picture matching tasks. Two mechanisms impairment identified. one group patients, where name could be recognized but not retrieved during verbal naming, N400s in trials also...

Abstract The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) sits at the confluence of auditory, visual, olfactory, transmodal, and limbic processing hierarchies. In keeping with this anatomical heterogeneity, ATL has been implicated in numerous functional domains, including language, semantic memory, social cognition, facial identification. One question that attracted considerable discussion is whether contains a mosaic differentially specialized areas or it provides domain-independent amodal hub. current...

Odors are surprisingly difficult to name, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly understood. In experiments using event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated physiological basis of odor naming with a paradigm where olfactory visual object cues were followed by target words that either matched or mismatched cue. We hypothesized word processing would not only be affected its semantic congruency preceding cue, also depend on...

The relationships between violence, drug use, and victimization were examined in a representative sample of American adolescents. commonly used illegal drugs (marijuana, amyl/butyl nitrites, psychedelics, amphetamines, cocaine) alcohol considered. Drug users, compared to nonusers, fought more, took more risks which predisposed them assault, assaulted both at school outside supervision. Adolescents who victims also likely be victimized This study clearly demonstrates that the aggressor may...

Neurologically intact volunteers participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment that simulated the unilateral (focal) and bilateral (global) stimulations used to elicit extinction patients with hemispatial neglect. In peristriate areas, attentional modulations were selectively sensitive contralaterally directed attention. A higher level of mapping was observed intraparietal sulcus (IPS), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), frontal gyrus (IFG). these there no distinction...

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome of language decline caused by neurodegenerative pathology. Although impairments in PPA are typically localized via the morphometric assessment atrophy, functional changes may accompany or even precede detectable structural alterations, which case resting state connectivity (RSFC) could provide an alternative approach. The goal this study was to determine whether network RSFC reduced early-stage when atrophy not prominent. We identified...

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a selective neurodegeneration of the language network, frequently causes object naming impairments. We examined N400 event-related potential (ERP) to explore interactions between recognition and word processing in 20 PPA patients 15 controls. Participants viewed photographs objects, each followed by that was either match object, semantically related mismatch, or an unrelated mismatch. Patients judged whether word–object pairs matched with high accuracy (94%...

A sample of 1,004 eighth and tenth grade students in twenty-three small Central/East Texas communities was assessed to determine 1) their perception the number friends who use drugs, 2) amount information they received about drugs from friends, 3) connection between those perceptions drug use. multiple regression model which included grade, gender, degree are perceived explained 39 percent variance rural adolescents were involved An item specific analysis subcomponents these composite...

Four patients with primary progressive aphasia displayed a greater deficit in understanding words they heard than read, and further deficiency naming objects orally rather writing. All four had frontotemporal lobar degeneration-transactive response DNA binding protein Type A neuropathology, three determined postmortem one surmised on the basis of granulin gene ( GRN ) mutation. These features language impairment are not characteristic any currently recognized variant. They can be...

A sample of 1023 eighth and tenth grade students in small to medium-sized central Texas school districts was assessed determine the amount information they receive from ten sources about six categories drugs. The males reported receiving each drug category significantly greater than what females reported, that graders reported. Television primary source for all drugs except inhalants, which friends television were equally important sources. Parents printed media (magazines or newspapers)...

Eye movement trajectories during a verbally cued object search task were used as probes of lexico-semantic associations in an anomic patient with primary progressive aphasia. Visual was normal on trials where the target could be named but became lengthy and inefficient failed to named. The abnormality most profound if noun denoting not recognized. Even name recognized retrieved triggered abnormal eye movements, demonstrating that retrieval failures can have underlying associative components...