A5084511506- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Cognitive Science and Mapping
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Aging and Gerontology Research
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Technology Use by Older Adults
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Educational Games and Gamification
- Health and Well-being Studies
- Sport Psychology and Performance
- Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
The University of Texas at Dallas
2015-2024
Longevity Biotech (United States)
2020
Rice University
2011-2012
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2007-2011
Syracuse University
2003-2008
The hippocampus shrinks in late adulthood, leading to impaired memory and increased risk for dementia. Hippocampal medial temporal lobe volumes are larger higher-fit adults, physical activity training increases hippocampal perfusion, but the extent which aerobic exercise can modify volume adulthood remains unknown. Here we show, a randomized controlled trial with 120 older that size of anterior hippocampus, improvements spatial memory. Exercise by 2%, effectively reversing age-related loss 1...
Declines in various cognitive abilities, particularly executive control functions, are observed older adults.An important goal of training is to slow or reverse these age-related declines.However, opinion divided the literature regarding whether can engender transfer a variety skills adults.Yet, recent research indicates that videogame young adults may broad visual attention.In current study, we used real-time strategy attempt train functions adults, such as working memory, task switching,...
We conducted two experiments using a modified version of the N-Back task. For younger adults, there was an abrupt increase in reaction time about 250 ms passing from N = 1 to > 1, indicating cost associated with switching focus attention within working memory. Response costs remained constant over range 2 5. Accuracy declined steadily full (Experiment 1). Focus switch did not interact either memory updating 1), or global task 2). There were no age differences RT once general slowing taken...
Video game skills transfer to other tasks, but individual differences in performance and learning rates make it difficult identify the source of benefits.We asked whether variability initial acquisition improvement on a demanding video game, Space Fortress could be predicted by variations pre-training volume either two key brain regions implicated memory: striatum, procedural cognitive flexibility, hippocampus, declarative memory.We found that hippocampal volumes did not predict improvement,...
Five individuals participated in an extensive practice study (10 1-hr sessions, 11,000 trials total) on a self-paced identity-judgment (1)n-back task (n ranging from 1 to 5). Within Session 1, response time increased abruptly by about 300 ms passing n = > suggesting that the focus of attention can accommodate only single item (H. Caravan, 1998; B. McElree, 2001). 10, was dramatically reduced and linearly with for < or 4, slope 30 ms. The data suggest working memory consists governed...
The basal ganglia play a central role in regulating the response selection abilities that are critical for mental flexibility. In neocortical areas, higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels associated with increased gray matter volume, and these volumetric differences mediate enhanced cognitive performance variety of tasks. Here we examine whether correlates volume subcortical nuclei make up this relationship predicts flexibility older adults. Structural MRI was used to determine group older,...
We explored the theoretical underpinnings of a commonly used training strategy by examining issues and transfer skill in context complex video game (Space Fortress, Donchin, 1989). Participants trained using one two regimens: Full Emphasis Training (FET) or Variable Priority (VPT). Transfer was assessed with large battery cognitive psychomotor tasks ranging from basic laboratory paradigms measuring reasoning, memory, attention to real-world simulations. Consistent previous studies, VPT...
We hypothesized that control processes, as measured using electrophysiological (EEG) variables, influence the rate of learning complex tasks. Specifically, we alpha power, event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), and brain potentials during early training Space Fortress task, correlated these measures with subsequent performance in transfer Once initial score was partialled out, best predictors were frontal power delta ERSPs, but not P300. By combining predictors, could explain about...
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better cognitive performance and enhanced brain activation. Yet, the extent to which fitness-related activation not well understood. In this cross-sectional study, we examined whether association between executive function was mediated by greater prefrontal cortex in healthy older adults. Brain measured during dual-task functional magnetic resonance imaging a sample of 128 adults (59-80 years). processing several areas including anterior...
Objectives.To investigate age differences in working memory processing, specifically the accuracy of retrieval items stored outside immediate focus attention.
Thirty younger and 29 older adults were tested on reaction times for set size of a display 1 to 9 digits. On half the trials, nominal value digits was equal displayed; other half, differed by from (Stroop interference). We found evidence age differences in subitizing span (2.83 vs. 2.07). Once individual range taken into account, no rate either or counting, apparent speed. There difference susceptibility Stroop effect. The results suggest that, with advancing age, focus attention may shrink,...
Two experiments used the N-Back task to test for age differences in working memory inside and outside focus of attention. Manipulations difficulty item-context binding (Experiment 1) stimulus feature 2) were create conditions that varied their demand on memory, with expectation greater might increase focus-switching costs search rate Results showed, however, although evident measures overall speed accuracy, manipulations significantly affected response times accuracy expected direction,...