The current availability of genotypes for very large numbers single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is leading to more accurate estimates inbreeding coefficients and detailed approaches detecting depression. In the present study, genome-wide information was used detect depression two reproductive traits (total number piglets born alive) in an ancient strain Iberian pigs (the Guadyerbas strain) that currently under serious danger extinction. A total 109 sows with phenotypic records were...

Felsenstein distinguished two ways by which selection can directly strengthen isolation. First, a modifier that strengthens prezygotic isolation be favored everywhere. This fits with the traditional view of reinforcement as an adaptation to reduce deleterious hybridization strengthening assortative mating. Second, favor association between different incompatibilities, despite recombination. We generalize this "two allele" model follow associations among any number may include both assortment...

Conservation and breeding programs aim at maintaining the most diversity, thereby avoiding deleterious effects of inbreeding while enough variation from which traits interest can be selected. Theoretically, diversity is maintained using optimal contributions based on many markers to calculate coancestries, but this decrease fitness by linked variants. The heterogeneous patterns coancestry displayed in pigs make them an excellent model test these predictions. We propose methods measure...

The filtering problem with dispersed signals is examined and an equation relating the duration of filtered signal to bandwidth filter dispersiveness dispersing system established. This applied in two domains: one, optimization multiple technique, a method used for time-frequency analysis signal; two, choice parameters 'time variable filter', technique isolate from wavetrain related dispersion curve. We give application this filter' fundamental mode Rayleigh waves record earthquake 650 km deep.

Conservation programmes aim at maximizing the survival probability of populations, by minimizing loss genetic diversity, which allows populations to adapt changes, and controlling inbreeding increases. The best known strategy achieve these goals is optimizing contributions parents minimize global coancestry in their offspring. Results on neutral scenarios showed that management based molecular could maintain more diversity than genealogical when a large number markers were available....

Summary We study here the effect of using genome‐wide marker data versus genealogical in population management for maintenance diversity conservation schemes optimal contributions. re‐examine benefits molecular different and genome sizes compare strategies according to group individuals where we take decisions (parents or offspring). also consequences estimated coancestries calculated from information. Using performed usually better than coancestry maintain expected observed heterozygosity....

Application of both spatial filtering and multiple-frequency techniques allows one to isolate a higher-mode surface wave find the regional variation its dispersion. The method is applied four sets long-period records across United States for intermediate earthquakes located in New Hebrides. first second higher Rayleigh modes show lower phase velocities western part than eastern part. Furthermore, an oceanic phase-velocity curve determined between 50 130 s mode on full path Pacific Ocean.

Abstract Background The most efficient method to maintain genetic diversity in populations under conservation programmes is optimize, for each potential parent, the number of offspring left next generation by minimizing global coancestry. Coancestry usually calculated from genealogical data but molecular markers can be used replace coancestry with Recent studies showed that optimizing contributions based on a large SNP higher levels than data. In this study, we investigated how density and...

Promoters are structurally and functionally diverse gene regulatory regions. The presence or absence of sequence motifs the spacing between defines properties promoters. Recent alternative promoter usage analyses in Drosophila melanogaster revealed that transposable elements significantly contribute to promote diversity. In this work, we analyzed detail one element insertions, named FBti0019985, has been co-opted drive expression CG18446, a candidate stress response gene. We strains from...

Abstract: Many animals and plants show a correlation between the traits of individuals in mating pair, implying assortative mating. Given ubiquity nature, why how it has evolved remain open questions. Here we attempt to answer these questions those cases where trait under assortment is same males females. We consider most favorable scenario for evolve, viability selection. find conditions evolve using multilocus formalism haploid population. Our results epistasis fitness loci that control...

In most tomographic inversion of surface wave data, the long-period seismograms are first interpreted in terms dispersion and/or attenuation curves before performing an laterally and depth-varying properties. An alternative to this approach is perform a direct waveform or, as Cara & Lévêque, (1987), use another set secondary observables built up from seismograms. paper, we systematically test with actual Rayleigh records latter technique by considering homogeneous models. We for purpose...

Surface‐wave data previously used by the authors to constrain upper mantle anisotropy in Pacific Ocean are re‐examined after an error was found calculations of Love‐wave phase‐velocities. Sub‐lithospheric is still required corrected but it extends shallower depth than we originally proposed. Using different parameterizations upper‐mantle, present strong evidence that bottom anisotropic layer has been reached around 250 km Pacific. Beneath North‐America, no revision our and could extend 400...

Summary Identifying the genomic basis of adaptive evolution is a growing field research. The number statistics and methodologies aimed at identifying loci continues to increase. Moreover, availability whole‐genome sequences allows us make inferences selection on diverse set species. However, detecting footprints has mostly been restricted one type variation: single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Other variants such as transposable element (TE) insertions that are likely contribute have...

Inbreeding has the potential to negatively impact animal performance. Strategies monitor and mitigate inbreeding depression require that it can be accurately estimated. Here, we used genomewide SNP data explore 3 alternative measures of genomic inbreeding: diagonal elements relationship matrix (FGRM), proportion homozygous (FHOM), genome covered by runs homozygosity (FROH). We 2,111 Brahman (BR) 2,550 Tropical Composite (TC) cattle with phenotypes recorded for 10 traits relevance tropical...

Estimated breeding values (EBVs) are traditionally obtained from pedigree information. However, EBVs high-density genotypes can have higher accuracy than At the same time, it has been shown that genomic data lead to lower increases in inbreeding compared with traditional selection based on genealogies. Here we evaluate performance BLUP genealogical coancestry three different genome-based estimates: (1) an estimate shared segments of homozygosity, (2) approach SNP-by-SNP count corrected by...

Multimode Love and Rayleigh wave data related to the Pacific Ocean North America are inverted using two sets of parameters: 1) isotropic P S velocities plus density 2), five elastic parameters describing a transversely medium, density. It is found that assumption isotropy leads very unrealistic upper‐mantle models while much more realistic obtained under transverse isotropy. The lateral variations in between then less than 1.5% and, both regions, large gradient well resolved at depth near 360 km.

Summary We have evaluated the use of genomic coancestry coefficients based on shared segments for maintenance genetic diversity through optimal contributions methodology populations three different Austrian cattle breeds. This measure has been compared with coefficient calculated a SNP ‐by‐ basis and pedigree‐based coancestry. The regressions other two suggest that former mainly reflect Identity By Descent but advantage over providing realized rather than an expectation. effective population...

Abstract In 1971, John Sved derived an approximate relationship between linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size for ideal finite population. This seminal work was extended by Feldman (Theor Pop Biol 4, 129, 1973) Weir Hill (Genetics 95, 477, 1980) who additional equations with the same purpose. These yield useful estimates of size, as they require a single sample in time. As these are now commonly used on variety genomic data, from arrays nucleotide polymorphisms to whole...