To contribute molecular diversity for novel fungicide development, a series of thiazole carboxamides were rationally designed, synthesized, and characterized with the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as target. Bioassay indicated that compound 6g showed similar excellent SDH inhibition Thifluzamide IC50 0.56 mg/L 0.55 mg/L, respectively. Some derivatives displayed improved in vitro fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia cerealis Sclerotinia sclerotiorum EC50 1.2–16.4 0.5–1.9 mg/L....

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could potentially enhance photosynthesis and benefit plant growth by improving soil nutrient uptake affecting hormone balance. Several recent studies have unveiled a correlation between alterations in host resistance levels. Photosynthesis provides materials energy for immune defense affects defense-related signaling pathways. Photosynthetic organelles, which be strengthened PGPR inoculation, are key centers signal biosynthesis transmission....

Sufficiently exploiting the potential of crop photosynthesis is one critical ways for improving cultivation production to face global climate change. In this study, oat plants were potted with three watering treatments. The glumes, lemmas, and flag leaves sampled on days 0, 7, 14 after first floret blossomed under control (denoted as CK-0, CK-7, CK-14), drought stress DS-7, DS-14) rewatering treatments (RW-14). Paraffin cross-section structures observed, absolute water content,...

We examined the possible role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in pathogenesis oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its regulatory effects on inflammatory response. Compared to control rats, OA-treated rats had decreased partial pressure oxygen arterial blood (PaO2) levels, an increased pulmonary wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, index quantitative assessment (IQA) score frequency polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells 2, 4 or 6 h after OA injection (0.1 ml/kg, intravenous injection). In addition,...

In searching for novel fungicidal leads, the bioactive succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) derivatives were designed and synthesized by inversion of carbonyl amide groups. Bioassay indicated that compound 5i stood out with a broad spectrum in vitro activity against five fungi. Its EC50 value (0.73 μg/mL) was comparable to boscalid (EC50 0.51 fluxapyroxad 0.19 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. For Rhizoctonia cerealis, 5p values 4.61 6.48 μg/mL, respectively, showed significantly higher than...

A field experiment was performed to investigate the physiological mechanism of simultaneous stresses waterlogging and shading on leaf photosynthetic senescence during three growth stages summer maize. The responses gas exchange parameters antioxidant enzyme activities maize hybrids Denghai 605 (DH605) (W), (S), their combination (W + S) for 6 days at third stage (V3), sixth (V6), tasseling (VT) were recorded. Shading, waterlogging, disturbed protective enzymes increased contents H2O2 O2−,...

Abstract Background Soil salt stress is a problem in the world, which turns into one of main limiting factors hindering maize production. Salinity significantly affects root physiological processes plants. There are few studies, however, that analyses response to terms development anatomy and respiration. Results We found leaf relative water content, photosynthetic characteristics, catalase activity exhibited decrease treatments. However, treatments caused superoxide dismutase activity,...

A molecular design approach was used in our laboratory to guide the development of imidazole-based fungicides. Based on homology modeling and docking studies targeting cytochrome P450-dependent sterol 14α-demethylase, 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-based imidazoles showed great potential. Several such compounds were then rationally designed, synthesized, characterized, their antifungal activities evaluated. Bioassay results that as ( R)-11, R)-12, S)-11 have commendable, broad-spectrum are...

Stalk lodging is a major constraint to limit grain yield under increased planting density in modern maize (Zea mays L.) production. A 3-year field experiment was imposed study the effects of plant and nitrogen (N) rate on stalk lodging-related traits two hybrids contrasting susceptibility lodging. The results indicated that stem diameter, rind penetration strength (RPS), bending (BS), thickness, vascular bundle sheath's thickness (Vbs) number (Vb) both all significantly decreased at high...

A series of isothiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, and thiazole-based cinnamamide morpholine derivatives were rationally designed, synthesized, characterized, evaluated for their fungicidal activities. Bioassay indicated that a combination 3,4-dichloroisothiazole active substructures with lead to significant improvement in vivo antifungal activities the target compounds; among them, compound 5a exhibited good activity against Pseudoperonspera cubensis an inhibition rate 100% at 100 μg/mL. field...

Hybrids and planting density are the main factors affecting maize lodging resistance. Here, we aimed to elucidate mechanism of regulation resistance by comparing two hybrids at various densities from perspective lignin metabolism. Our results showed that compared lodging-susceptible hybrid Xundan 20 (XD20), lodging-resistant Denghai 605 (DH605) a lower center gravity culm morphological characteristics contributed higher this hybrid. Lignin content, activities key synthesis-related enzymes...

The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological mechanism underlying effects high temperature and waterlogging on summer maize. stem development yield maize hybrid Denghai 605 in response high-temperature stress, their combination applied for six days at third-leaf, sixth-leaf, tasseling stages were recorded. combined stresses reduced lignin biosynthetic enzyme activity accumulation, leading abnormal development. Reduction area number vascular bundles stems led dry matter...

Abstract The greenhouse effect caused by global warming was becoming more and obvious, resulting in increased frequency of high temperature humidity, which significantly affected maize productivity. However, it poorly understood how the interactions humidity leaf senescence, photosynthetic performance yield summer maize. Three stress treatments including (a) (T), (b) waterlogging (W) (c) complex (T‐W) were set at third stage (V3), sixth (V6) tasselling (VT) 2019–2020 to explore influence...

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that regulates numerous cellular functions including inflammation. acts via cell-surface receptors subtyped as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. The A2A receptor (A2AR) has been linked to anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed increased A2AR mRNA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes. We hypothesized adenosine inhibited LPS-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production stimulation. Using THP-1 cells, our...

Target identification is an essential basis for novel-pesticide development in new molecular design and lead optimization. 3-(4-Methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazolyl)-6-trichloromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadizole (YZK-C22) a novel fungicide candidate with specific antifungal activity. We investigated its mode of action, our studies indicated that YZK-C22 showed no cross resistance against Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants classic targets. Mec1 Rad53 are two kinases respond to DNA-replication...