Summary A self-diverting-acid based on viscoelastic surfactant (SDVA) has been successfully used recently numerous stimulation treatments of carbonate formations in various fields. The decrease acid concentration during the spending process viscosifies fluid through transformation from spherical micelles to an entangled wormlike micellar structure while penetrating rock. highly viscous acts as a temporary barrier and diverts into remaining lower-permeability treating zones. After treatment,...

The PNPLA3-rs738409-G, TM6SF2-rs58542926-T, and HSD17B13-rs6834314-A polymorphisms have been associated with cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, HCC. However, whether they remain HCC decompensation in people who already cirrhosis remains unclear, which limits the clinical utility of genetics risk stratification as is uncommon absence cirrhosis. We aimed to characterize effects PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13 genotype on HCC, liver-related mortality or liver transplant patients baseline compensated

Abstract A new method of instrumentation for normal‐stress determinations was developed, making possible accurate unsteady state as well steady measurements, eliminating errors arising from fluid‐filled pressure‐tap holes, and permitting the determination complete stress in a single cone‐and‐plate shearing‐geometry experiment. Sensitive, nonflow semiconductor pressure transducers mounted at several radial positions with their pressuresensing diaphragms flush plate surface provide data...

Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Medical Center, and the Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic China

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is caused by mutations in

Abstract The successful matrix stimulation of carbonate reservoirs requires that live acid penetrate past the formation damage. Effective penetration is facilitated either by transport through natural fractures or dissolution channels (wormholes) during acidizing process. optimal wormholes and/or along depends on rate reaction between and minerals, to mineral surface, convection wormhole fracture. There are three prevailing theories in literature estimate efficacy treatments formations....

Abstract The success of an acid fracturing treatment is determined by two characteristics the fracture formed reaction: length conductive and conductivity fracture. distance that reactive moves along a controlled competition between fluid loss rate reaction with formation versus flow Acid experiments were performed unique instrument using limestone samples designed to simulate this complex process. Special emphasis was placed on scaling processes described. Two different systems compared:...

Abstract A self-diverting-acid based on viscoelastic surfactant (SDVA) has been used recently stimulation treatments of carbonate formations. The new system proven successfull in more than 250 field applications. decrease acid concentration during the spending process viscosifies fluid by transformation from spherical micelles to an entangled wormlike micellar structure while penetrating rock. highly viscous acts as a temporary barrier and diverts into remaining lower-permeability treating...

Summary Foam stability is an important parameter for foam fracturing. Bench-top testing useful screening but does not address the necessary conditions of temperature, pressure, pH [particularly with carbon dioxide (CO2) systems], and dynamic-flow that can have unexpected influence on foam's performance. A laboratory apparatus has been constructed measuring rheology circulating-foam fluids to 400°F 3,000 psi. The equipped a circulation pump, view cells, generator, mass flowmeter, piping...

Background: NAFLD is increasingly common among young people. Whether carries a more benign course in younger adults not known. We aimed to characterize genetic and metabolic risk factors for their effects on disease progression across age groups. Methods: conducted retrospective study of with seen within Michigan Medicine, tertiary care center, between 2010 2021. was defined by hepatic steatosis imaging, biopsy, or transient elastography the absence other chronic liver diseases. Cirrhosis...

Summary The retention of fracturing fluid in a proppant pack reduces the dimensionless fracture conductivity, Fcd, resulting poor well productivity regardless type (gelled oil, crosslinked polymers, viscoelastic surfactants, or foams). Analytical expressions derived this paper can be used to calculate extent cleanup under set production conditions. Several parameters describing fluid, fracture, and reservoir properties are introduced that affect equilibrium cleanup. A second, transient,...

Summary Although gel treatments have gained acceptance for injection well profile modification, high treatment cost and potential loss of low permeability zone injectivity curbs implementation. This study investigates an in-situ generated foamed barrier that is suited long-term waterflood diversion because it provides intermediate degree plugging, yet requires substantially less polymer than bulk gels. Microvisual observations indicate barriers are initially impermeable but break down when...

Abstract Encapsulated breakers for water-based fracturing fluids have been widely used the past decade. These provide a delayed break because reactive chemical is separated from fluid by water-resistant coating. Higher breaker concentrations can be used, resulting in improved proppant pack conductivity. However, coating not completely impermeable. The material release through under certain conditions when placed an aqueous environment. This paper shows rate as function of temperature,...

Abstract Foam stability is an important parameter for foamed fracturing. Bench-top testing useful screening but does not address the necessary conditions of temperature, pressure, pH (particularly with carbon dioxide [CO2] systems) and dynamic flow which can have unexpected influence on foam's performance. A laboratory apparatus has been constructed measuring rheology circulating foam fluids to 400°F 2000 psi. The equipped a circulation pump, view cells, generator, mass flowmeter piping...

Abstract High performance foamed fracturing fluids are required to enhance cleanup during applications in low permeability, pressure gas reservoirs and mature, depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. Moreover, accurate fluid rheological properties, obtained under field conditions, necessary enable complex treatments be executed successfully. Standard laboratory tests used evaluate properties of include the foam half-life measurement characterization water-based polymer rheology that serves as...

Abstract The retention of fracturing fluid in a proppant pack reduces the dimensionless fracture conductivity, Fcd, resulting poor well productivity regardless type (gelled oil, crosslinked polymers, viscoelastic surfactants, or foams). Analytical expressions derived this paper can be used to calculate extent clean up, n* under set production conditions. Dimensionless parameters, β (reservoir: mobility ratio), R (clean: fouled permeability and τ0 (dimensionless yield stress), which affect...

Abstract The Eunice Monument South Unit (EMSU) produces from the Grayburg formation in southeast New Mexico. unit has higher than expected water production and lower oil since a waterflood was installed 1986; poor vertical flood conformance is to blame. A major project initiated 1996 characterize reservoir improve where possible. Reservoir characterization included mapping high permeability streaks, material balance, percent pore volume swept calculations. Two techniques, data diagnostics...