A5017261720- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Trace Elements in Health
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Occupational exposure and asthma
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Noise Effects and Management
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry
- Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Environmental Protection Agency
2016-2025
Research Triangle Park Foundation
2014-2025
Communities In Schools of Orange County
2024
Centre international de recherche sur le cancer
2024
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1997-2023
West Virginia University
2021-2022
National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA)
2022
Triangle
1997-2022
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
2022
Duke University Hospital
1992-2020
We tested the hypothesis that exposure of healthy volunteers to concentrated ambient particles (CAPS) is associated with an influx inflammatory cells into lower respiratory tract. Thirty-eight were exposed either filtered air or from immediate environment Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Human Studies Facility in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Particle concentrations chamber during exposures ranged 23.1 311.1 microgram/m(3). While chamber, alternated between moderate exercise (15 min) and...
Identification of constituents responsible for the pulmonary toxicity fugitive combustion emission source particles may provide insight into adverse health effects associated with exposure to these as well ambient air particulate pollution. Herein, we describe results studies conducted identify acute lung injury induced by residual oil fly ash (ROFA) and assess physical-chemical factors that influence constituents. Biochemical cellular analyses performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid...
Clear identification of specific cell populations by flow cytometry is important to understand functional roles. A well-defined panel for myeloid cells in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue currently lacking. The objective this study was develop a cytometry-based BAL tissue. We obtained performed cytometry/sorting on Confocal images were from using antibodies cluster differentiation (CD)206, CD169, E cadherin. defined multicolor that identifies major leukocyte populations....
Air pollution has been associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. We have shown that acute ozone exposure in rats induces release stress hormones, hyperglycemia, leptinemia, and glucose intolerance are global changes peripheral glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism.To examine ozone-induced metabolic derangement humans using serum metabolomic assessment, establish human-to-rodent coherence, identify novel nonprotein biomarkers.Serum...
Rationale: Proteolysis is a key aspect of the lung’s innate immune system. Proteases, including neutrophil elastase and MMPs (matrix metalloproteases), modulate cell signaling, inflammation, tissue remodeling, leukocyte recruitment via cleavage their target proteins. Excessive proteolysis occurs with chronic tobacco use causative for bronchiectasis emphysema. The effect e-cigarettes (vaping) on unknown.Objectives: We used protease levels as biomarkers harm to determine impact vaping...
Rationale: Identification of the specific cell types expressing CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) is required for precision medicine therapies CF. However, a full characterization expression in normal human airway epithelia missing. Objectives: To identify that contribute to and function within proximal–distal axis lung. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on freshly isolated large small epithelial cells. scRNA situ...
Epidemiologic investigation has established an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and human health in the Utah Valley. Reduction of particle mass during temporary closure a local steel mill was associated with diminished morbidity mortality. We tested hypothesis that biologic effect PM would reflect findings epidemiology greater injury after equal particles from those years which operation. Filters containing were collected prior mill, closure, its reopening. Aqueous...
Air pollution particles are thought to kill >500,000 people worldwide each year. The population most at risk appears be elderly with respiratory and cardiovascular disease. As yet, no commonly accepted mechanism has been proposed which can explain the cause of these deaths. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in healthy adults between ages 60 80 who were exposed twice for 2 h: once clean air concentrated ambient (CAPS). Changes HRV measured immediately before, following, 24 h after...
The mechanisms by which exposure to particulate matter increases the risk of cardiovascular events are not known. Recent human and animal data suggest that may induce alterations in hemostatic factors. In this study we determined might accelerate thrombosis. We found mice treated with a dose well characterized less than 10 μM diameter exhibited shortened bleeding time, decreased prothrombin partial thromboplastin times (decreased plasma clotting times), increased levels fibrinogen, activity...
We have previously shown that in vitro exposure to metallic compounds enhances expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α human bronchial epithelial cells. To characterize signaling pathways involved metal-induced inflammatory mediators identify metals activate them, we studied the effects As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Zn on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH 2 -terminal (JNK), P38 BEAS Noncytotoxic concentrations induced...
We tested the hypothesis that particulate air pollutants are associated with metals have a capacity to transport electrons and biologic activity of particulates can correlate concentrations these metals. The studied were titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper. Measurements included (1) oxidized products deoxyribose catalyzed by particulates, (2) induction neutrophilic alveolitis after instillation, (3) increments in airway reactivity (4) mortality exposures...
Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between increased human morbidity and mortality with exposure to air pollution particulate matter. We hypothesized that such effects may be associated the ability of particles mediate generation reactive oxygen species (ROS), either directly, via interaction ambient or indirectly through initiation oxidative burst in phagocytes. To test this hypothesis, we determined 8-oxo-dG formation as a measure direct ROS, response exposures...
Lung injury after cigarette smoking is related to particle retention. Iron accumulates with the deposition of these particles.We tested postulate that (1) correlates exposure particulate fraction smoke, (2) particles alter iron homeostasis, triggering metal accumulation, and (3) this alteration in homeostasis affects oxidative stress inflammation.Rats human respiratory epithelial cells were exposed filtered smoke condensate (the smoke), indices stress, inflammatory determined. Comparable...
AbstractOne potential mechanism of injury mediated by air pollution particles is through metalcatalyzed oxidant generation. In one emission source particle, soluble metals have been associated with biological effect and toxicity. However, a majority in ambient can be insoluble components. We tested the hypothesis that concentrations catalytically active metal are not equivalent to water-soluble metal. Twelve filters collected from North Provo, UT, monitoring station were agitated deionized...
Acute and chronic inflammation cause many changes in total body iron metabolism including the sequestration of phagocytic cells reticuloendothelial system. This change contributes to development anemia inflammation. MTP1, duodenal enterocyte basolateral exporter, is also expressed system (RES) likely be involved recycling these cells. In this study, we use a lipopolysaccharide model acute mouse demonstrate that MTP1 expression RES spleen, liver, bone marrow down-regulated by The...
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Human exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP) impacts on human health through changes in indoor air quality, exposures from wild fires, burning of biomass and pollution. This investigation tested the postulate that healthy volunteers exposed WSP would demonstrate evidence both pulmonary systemic inflammation.Ten were filtered and, 3 weeks or more later, WSP. Each included alternating 15 min exercise rest for a total duration 2 h. Wood was generated by heating an oak log electric element then...