The implication of T cells in the pathogenesis idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is controversial. CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory (Tregs) are pivotal maintaining immune homeostasis, but their role IPF pathophysiology has not yet been studied.To explore Treg dynamics and function IPF.Treg levels were analyzed by flow cytometry peripheral blood (PB) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 21 patients with IPF, 35 lung diseases other than (patients without IPF), 20 collagen vascular parenchymal...

We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity across signal path. The of sample change significantly as concentration one its substances varies: for example, blood depends levels. proposed uses two facing microstrip patch antennas 60 GHz, which are placed interrogated samples. measured coefficient along path, be correlated to substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we...

We present an initial experimental validation of a microwave tomography (MWT) prototypefor brain stroke detection and classification using the distorted Born iterative method, two-stepiterative shrinkage thresholding (DBIM-TwIST) algorithm. The study consists firstpreparing characterizing gel phantoms which mimic structure dielectric propertiesof simplified model with haemorrhagic or ischemic target. Then, we measure theS-parameters in our prototype process scattered signals from 0.5to 2.5...

The survival of patients with malignant pleural effusion is considered generally poor. Most the studies reporting results prognostic factors are retrospective, using thoracentesis for diagnosis. objectives our study were to reveal possible in initially presenting undiagnosed proven be by diagnostic thoracoscopy.Ninety consecutive patients, 48 whom male (53%), a median age 69 years (range 37-93) and performance status (PS) 0/1 (63%) that was thoracoscopy evaluated. Survival time defined as...

This mini-review examines the most prominent features and usages of metamaterials, such as metamaterial-based metamaterial-inspired RF components used for biomedical applications. Emphasis is given to applications on sensing imaging systems, wearable implantable antennas telemetry, metamaterials flexible absorbers protection against extreme electromagnetic (EM) radiation. A short discussion trends metamaterial composition, implementation, phantom preparation are presented. review seeks...

We present a first prototype of wideband microwave tomography system with potential application to medical imaging. The relies on compact and robust printed monopole antenna which can operate in the 1.0–3.0 GHz range when fully immersed commonly used coupling liquids, such as glycerine–water solutions. By simulating proposed imaging setup CST Microwave Studio, we study signal transmission levels array sensitivity for different target liquid media. then experimental design data acquisition...

This paper presents reflection and transmission measurements in the 58 – 62 GHz frequency range through a pig's ear while animal was subject to blood glucose test. The first results of when patch antennas are placed at different locations around before any injection is performed. Second, were taken for frequencies as changing over time, showing good correlation between recorded signals measured levels. motivation behind these design sensor that can achieve accurate detection concentration...

We present an approach to enhance microwave brain imaging with innovative metamaterial (MM) planar design based on a cross-shaped split-ring resonator (SRR-CS). The proposed metasurface is incorporated in different setups, and its interaction EM waves studied both experimentally by using CST Microwave Studio® compared “no MM” case scenario. show that the MM can penetration of transmitted signals into human head when placed contact skin tissue, acting as impedance-matching layer. In addition,...

The paper presents the first in vivo glucose monitoring animal study a pig, which correlates radio frequency signal transmission changes with blood concentration 58–62 GHz range. presented non-invasive sensing system consists of two opposite facing patch antennas sandwiching glucose-loaded samples. Prior to study, was tested using saline solution samples, for linear relationship between transmitted and observed. In were induced by injecting known stream. measurements compared levels obtained...

This paper presents experimental results that demonstrate the correlation of glucose concentration in water and saline solutions with transmitted electromagnetic (EM) energy frequency range 50–75 GHz. The system is based on placing aqueous acrylic holding tanks sandwiched between two open V-band waveguides. measured samples have clinically relevant concentrations, as low 0.025 wt%. Our measurements show for first time it possible to establish an approximately linear relationship signals...

Stroke is a very frequent disorder and one of the major leading causes death disability worldwide. Timely detection stroke essential in order to select perform correct treatment strategy. Thus, use an efficient imaging method for early diagnosis this syndrome could result increased survival’s rate. Nowadays, microwave (MWI) brain classification has attracted growing interest due its non-invasive non-ionising properties. In paper, we present feasibility study with goal enhancing MWI using...

We present an experimental validation of the distorted Born iterative method with two-step shrinkage thresholding (DBIM-TwIST) algorithm for problem brain stroke detection and differentiation, using anatomically accurate, multi-layer head phantom. To this end, we have developed a gelatine-based, complex phantom which mimics various tissues also includes target mimicking hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. simulated model setup CST Microwave Studio then used our imaging to collect numerical...

Medical thoracoscopy (MT) is a procedure considered as minimally invasive. The safety of the has been questioned recently in fragile patients, but no explanation pathophysiologic mechanism given. Although MT applied by respiratory physicians who are also dealing with patients impairment lung function, it surprising that there data concerning mechanics and function this patient population.To assess muscle strength undergoing MT, or without talc pleurodesis.We measured prospectively maximal...

This paper presents an overview of a novel non-invasive device for detection glucose variations in water solutions the range 56 - 61 GHz. The system is lab prototype stage and with use PNA, can be correlated to transmission measurements through solutions. Experiments indicated that higher power levels at receiving side account concentrations. Finally, theoretical analysis gives minimum variation accurately resolved by device, based solely on quality received signal as seen measuring instrument.

Recent evidence has underscored the role of hypoxia and angiogenesis in pathogenesis idiopathic fibrotic lung disease. Inhibitor growth family member 4 (ING4) recently attracted much attention as a tumor suppressor gene, due to its ability inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration angiogenesis. The aim our study was investigate ING4 pulmonary fibrosis both bleomycin (BLM)-model two different types human fibrosis, including (IPF) cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). Experimental model...

This paper presents simulation studies for an array comprised of twelve balanced antipodal Vivaldi antennas microwave tomography in the presence a simple numerical breast phantom. type bas been proposed previously UWB imaging, but their use is tomographic setup studied first time. The coupling effect elements and electric field patterns are investigated with without phantom frequency range interest between 0.5 5 GHz.

This paper presents a miniature setup and corresponding measurement results of millimeter (mm) wave non-invasive glucose sensor for continuous monitoring levels diabetic patients. The comprises two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, placed across human tissue tank filled with solution. Transmission mm-waves is measured through the acrylic water containing various concentration. S-parameters depend on permittivity change microwave path can be correlated to in or blood.

Over the last two decades, metamaterials (MMs) and metasurfaces (MTSs) have been used to fabricate innovative antenna designs, offering cost-effective solutions compared conventional radiating systems. This paper investigates feasibility of combining MM design concepts imaging techniques create microwave In particular, we present an experimental study with aim enhancing for haemorrhagic stroke detection using a new MTS design. First, show improvement in performance stand-alone MTS-loaded...

We present results from an experimental system employed to study the impact of glucose content on measured transmission data. The measurements have been performed at frequencies between 50 GHz and 75 using V-Band waveguides, samples consisted saline solutions with con

A microwave imaging prototype that uses a novel electromagnetic inverse scattering algorithm based on the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) and two-step shrinkage thresholding (TwIST) to solve linear problem at each DBIM iteration is presented. In previous work, has been tested in simulations with realistic numerical breast phantoms, which demonstrated its resolution capabilities relative traditional CGLS solvers, ability take advantage of whole frequency range 1.0-3.0 GHz produce high...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a multifactorial disease in the pathogenesis of which contributes variety causative factors including genetic and environmental ones. They may also be interactions susceptibilities influences. Towards to that except smoking, it seems have great impact predisposition individuals suffering from serious progressive disease. Regarding these observations findings very interesting studies been conducted order elucidate implications different genes,...

This paper presents an innovative metasurface design for emerging microwave brain imaging applications, such as stroke detection and monitoring. We have modelled different metamaterial designs in diverse setups, simulated their interactions with EM waves using CST Microwave Studio®. Our results shown enhancement of penetration the transmitted signals when film is placed contact skin tissue. These suggest that our can be a significant hardware advance towards scanners imaging.