The cage systems commonly used for housing laboratory rats often result in sedentary and overweight animals, as a consequence of restricted opportunities physical activity combined with ad libitum feeding. This can have implications both animal well-being the experimental outcome. Physical has several known positive effects on health lifespan, fitness might therefore be incorporated into welfare concept. aim this study was to investigate if how pen affects rats. Thirty-two juvenile male...

The effect of feeding frequency and voluntary sodium intake (VSI) on fluid shifts plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were studied at rest after exercise in six athletic horses. horses fed twice a day (2TD) times (6TD) for 25 days each protocol, according to changeover design. VSI was measured by weighing horse’s salt block daily. Feeding 2TD or 6TD caused no major alterations shifts, but the treatment there postprandial increase protein osmolality that lasted <1 h. PAC not affected...

The primary aim of this report is to assist scientists in selecting more reliable/suitable identification (ID) methods for their studies. This especially true genetically altered (GA) animals where individual strictly necessary link samples, research design and genotype. Federation European Laboratory Animal Science Associations working group was provide an update the used identify rodents different situations assess implications animal welfare. ID procedures are indispensable prerequisite...

Fluid balance and thermoregulation were studied during an acute heat load (maximal daily temperature, 38 +/- 1 degrees C; night temperature 27 C) in six goats lactation non-lactation. The had free access to water for day, followed by 29.5 h of deprivation then was returned. With available the increased intake urinary milk losses, while plasma osmolality decreased. Water caused vasopressin concentration increase most lactating goats. Milk rose values similar osmolality. Plasma cortisol at end...

Abstract Background Clipping the winter coat in horses is done to improve heat dissipation during exercise and make grooming easier. It often combined with blanketing keep horse warm. The aims of present study were investigate how clipping use blankets affect thermoregulation recovery horses. Methods One Gotland pony, one New Forest warm-blooded exercised after other on a 6450 m long track. walked, trotted cantered according predetermined scheme, which took about 50 minutes including three...

To avoid dehydration and a decrease in performance capacity horses, fluid electrolyte losses need to be compensated for during long distance rides as well on other occasions when sweat are high exercise. Thirteen endurance-trained age 5-14 years, were used compare 3 strategies of voluntary rehydration prolonged exercise, offering 1) water, 2) water after administering salt paste (3 x 30 g NaCl) per os 3) 0.9% saline. The ride covered 62 km consisted rounds, 20, 22 20 km, respectively. During...

When four goats were subjected to total water deprivation for 48 h once in early lactation and mid their voluntary food intake effects on milk secretion observed, volume decreased lactose fat concentration increased during both periods. However, when the then fed mean of own at two previous experiments, left free access water, it was found that consumption had only a minor influence secretion. six deprivation, decreased, but reduction delayed smaller magnitude deprivation. During protein...

The response to 30 h water deprivation was studied in 7 goats during the last month of pregnancy and lactation with anestrus as control period. Plasma osmolality plasma Na concentration increased by about 4% pregnant lactating 2% anestral goats. AVP rose pg/ml goats, but only 3 anestrus. PRA elevated animals, dehydration caused a minor further rise. Total protein low did not increase deprivation, it so animals. Neither hematocrit nor K changed dehydration. GFR fell 24% 22% remained unchanged...

Training of Standardbred race horses aims to improve cardiovascular and metabolic functions but studies on the effects different training strategies from breaking till racing are lacking. Sixteen with goal as 3-year-olds were studied (1-year-olds) December 3-year-olds. Horses allocated either a control (C) or reduced (R) program 2 years age. The aim was evaluate effect reducing distance high intensity exercise by 30% respect velocity at lactate concentration 4 mmol/l (VLa4), blood response....

In Sweden, no provision for summer shelter to protect horses from heat and insects is required, although access kept outdoors 24 h during winter a requirement. This study investigated horses' daytime shelter-seeking behavior in relation weather conditions insect activity 2-wk period summer. Eight Warmblood riding had 2 shelters of different design test which preferred by horses. Furthermore, rectal skin temperatures insect-defensive were measured whether would benefit the shade. The alone...

Abstract Background Keeping horses in open barns has positive effects on social interaction and free movement, which may improve horse welfare. However, many owners fear that housing leads to more injuries. Objective To compare health events among housed an active barn (AOB) or single boxes (BOX). Study design A prospective study during 9 months a 2‐year retrospective study. Methods Two systems one farm were investigated: AOB BOX pairs alone paddock (2–4 h/day) using 66 69 the respectively...

We investigated the physiological and behavioural strategies by which lactating Ethiopian Somali goats endure repeated periods of water deprivation. The experiment lasted for 32 days was divided into four 8 each. Measurements were taken during first 4 in each period. Seven does (W1) watered once daily seven (W4) every 4th day. Rectal temperature at 0800 1715 h. Blood samples evening milk morning. on pasture between 0900 to 1215 h 1315 1630 with behaviour recorded 5 min. supplemented 300 g...

Limited information is available on the extent to which blankets are used horses and owners' reasoning behind clipping horse's coat. Research effects of those practices horse welfare scarce but results indicate that blanketing may not be necessary from perspective can interfere with thermoregulatory capacities. Therefore, this survey collected robust, quantitative data housing routines management focus as reported by members Swedish Norwegian equestrian community. Horse owners were...

Provision of shelter for horses kept on summer pasture is rarely considered in welfare guidelines, perhaps because the benefits warm conditions are poorly documented scientifically. For cattle, shade a valued resource during and can mitigate adverse effects weather well-being performance. We found previous study that utilized shelters frequently summer. A with roof closed three sides (shelter A) was preferred reduce insect pressure whereas open not utilized. However, restricts all-round view...

Camels thrive in arid and semiarid areas, although food water frequently are scarce. However, the mechanisms enabling camels to withstand deprivation poorly understood. In this study four female were totally deprived of for 4 days. Their body weight decreased by 6%. Food caused no change total plasma protein concentration camel, indicating that alterations volume occurred. When first meal was withheld intake unchanged. Next day showed signs hydration with a Na+ an increased excretion diluted...