L. Valenziano
A5037521756- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques
- History and Developments in Astronomy
- Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Statistical and numerical algorithms
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna
2003-2025
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
2019-2025
National Institute for Astrophysics
2014-2024
Marconi University
2023-2024
University of Cambridge
2023
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna
2008-2023
University of Zurich
2023
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2023
Lyon College
2023
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
2023
The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution spectrometer of ESA Athena observatory. Over a field view 5' equivalent diameter, it will deliver spectra from 0.2 to 12 keV with spectral 2.5 eV up 7 on ∼ 5" pixels. X-IFU based large format array super-conducting molybdenum-gold Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 90 mK, each coupled an absorber made gold and bismuth pitch 249 μm. A cryogenic anti-coincidence detector located underneath prime TES enables non background be reduced....
The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate background of NISP's functional calibration requirements, describe instrument's integral components, provide all its key properties. We also sketch processes needed to understand how NISP operates is calibrated, technical potentials limitations. Links articles providing more...
The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on board the Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (Athena) will provide spatially resolved high-resolution spectroscopy from 0.2 to 12 keV, with 5 arc second pixels over a field of view minute equivalent diameter and spectral resolution 2.5 eV up 7 keV. In this paper, we first review core scientific objectives Athena, driving main performance parameters X-IFU, namely resolution, view, effective area, count rate capabilities, instrumental...
We present a system-level description of the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) considered as differencing polarimeter, and evaluate its expected performance. The LFI is one two instruments on board ESA <i>Planck<i/> mission to study cosmic microwave background. It consists set 22 radiometers sensitive linear polarisation, arranged in orthogonally-oriented pairs connected 11 feed horns operating at 30, 44 70 GHz. In our analysis, generic Jones Mueller-matrix formulations for polarimetry are...
Euclid is a space-borne survey mission developed and operated by ESA. It designed to understand the origin of Universe's accelerating expansion. will use cosmological probes investigate nature dark energy, matter gravity tracking their observational signatures on geometry Universe history structure formation. The optimised for measurement two independent probes: weak gravitational lensing galaxy clustering. payload consists 1.2 m Korsch telescope provide large field view. light directed...
<i>Planck<i/> is a scientific satellite that represents the next milestone in space-based research related to cosmic microwave background, and many other astrophysical fields. was launched on 14 May of 2009 now operational. The uncertainty optical response its detectors key factor allowing achieve objectives. More than decade analysis measurements have gone into achieving required performances. In this paper, we describe main aspects optics are relevant science, estimated in-flight...
<i>Context. <i/> We present the first results from project Galactic cold cores, where interstellar clouds detected by <i>Planck<i/> satellite are studied with <i>Herschel<i/> photometric observations. The final catalogue is expected to contain several thousand sources. observations during science demonstration phase provided glimpse into nature of these sources.<i>Aims. <i/>The main goal derive physical properties core population revealed <i>Planck<i/>. examine three fields and confirm...
Athena is designed to implement the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme selected by European Space Agency for second large mission of its Cosmic Vision program. The payload consists a aperture high angular resolution X-ray optics (2 m2 at 1 keV) twelve meters away, two interchangeable focal plane instruments: Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) Wide Imager. X-IFU cryogenic spectrometer, based on array Transition Edge Sensors (TES), offering 2:5 eV spectral resolution, with ~5" pixels, over...
[1] A 4 year set of vertical profiles pressure, temperature and relative humidity derived from 1113 radiosounding measurements performed at Dome C (Antarctica) 12:00 UTC each day, late March 2005 to 2009, were analyzed using an updated procedure for removing the most important errors dry biases. The monthly mean temperature, moisture parameters determined, providing evidence strong seasonal variations in occurring within ground layer tropopause region. results are presented use analysis...
The first generation of E-ELT instruments will include an optic-infrared High Resolution Spectrograph, conventionally indicated as EELT-HIRES, which be capable providing unique breakthroughs in the fields exoplanets, star and planet formation, physics evolution stars galaxies, cosmology fundamental physics. A 2-year long phase study for EELT-HIRES has just started performed by a consortium composed institutes organisations from Brazil, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland,...
The Athena+ mission concept is designed to implement the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme submitted European Space Agency in response call for White Papers definition of L2 L3 missions its program. payload consists a large aperture high angular resolution X-ray optics twelve meters away, two interchangeable focal plane instruments: Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) Wide Imager (WFI). X-IFU cryogenic spectrometer, based on array Transition Edge Sensors (TES), offering 2.5 eV spectral...
The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) survey is obtaining spectroscopic redshifts in order to map relation between galaxy color and redshift a depth i ~ 24.5 (AB). primary goal enable sufficiently accurate photometric for Stage IV dark energy projects, particularly Euclid Roman Space Telescope, which are designed constrain cosmological parameters through weak lensing. We present 676 new high-confidence obtained by C3R2 2017B-2019B semesters using DEIMOS, LRIS,...
We give the calibration and scientific performance parameters of Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) measured during ground cryogenic test campaign. These characterise instrument response constitute our best pre-launch knowledge LFI performance. The shows excellent $1/f$ stability rejection instrumental systematic effects; noise that is most sensitive its kind. set will be updated flight operations through end mission.
Next-generation infrared multi-object spectrographs (MOS) for ground-based and space telescopes could be based on MOEMS programmable slit masks. This astronomical technique is used extensively to investigate the formation evolution of galaxies. ESA has engaged a study technical assessment using DMD from Texas Instruments applications. The features 2048 × 1080 mirrors 13.68μm pitch, where each mirror can independently switched between an ON (+12°) position OFF (-12°) position. For MOS...
The Euclid mission objective is to understand why the expansion of Universe accelerating by mapping geometry dark investigating distance-redshift relationship and tracing evolution cosmic structures.The project part ESA's Cosmic Vision program with its launch planned for 2020.The NISP (Near Infrared Spectro-Photometer) one two instruments operating in near-IR spectral region (0.9-2µm) as a photometer spectrometer.The instrument composed of: -a cold (135K) optomechanical subsystem consisting...
In physically realistic, scalar-field-based dynamical dark energy models (including, e.g., quintessence), one naturally expects the scalar field to couple rest of model’s degrees freedom. particular, a coupling electromagnetic sector leads time (redshift) dependence in fine-structure constant and violation weak equivalence principle. Here we extend previous Euclid forecast constraints on this enlarged (but more realistic) parameter space, how well , together with high-resolution...
Two sets of radiosounding measurements were taken at Dome C (Antarctica) in December 2003 and January 2004, using RS80‐A, RS80‐H, RS90 Vaisala radiosondes, from March to May 2005, employing the RS92 model. They examined following accurate correction procedures remove main relative humidity dry bias temperature lag errors. The results showed that a strong cooling usually characterizes thermal conditions whole troposphere December/January April/May, with an average decrease 245 220 K ground,...
The LFI radiometers use a pseudo-correlation design where the signal from sky is continuously compared with stable reference signal, provided by cryogenic load system. unit composed small pyramidal horns, one for each radiometer, 22 in total, facing absorbing targets, made of commercial resin ECCOSORB CR (TM), cooled to approximately 4.5 K. Horns and targets are separated gap allow thermal decoupling. Target horn optimized bands, centered at 70, 44 30 GHz. Pyramidal horns either machined...
The current instrumentation plan for the E-ELT foresees a High Resolution Spectrograph conventionally indicated as HIRES. Shaped on study of extra-solar planet atmospheres, Pop-III stars and fundamental physical constants, HIRES is intended to embed observing modes at high-resolution (up R=150000) large spectral range (from blue limit K band) useful suite science cases that can exclusively be tackled by E-ELT. We present in this paper solution envisaged "HIRES initiative", international...
In the last decade, astronomers have found a new type of supernova called `superluminous supernovae' (SLSNe) due to their high peak luminosity and long light-curves. These hydrogen-free explosions (SLSNe-I) can be seen z~4 therefore, offer possibility probing distant Universe. We aim investigate detecting SLSNe-I using ESA's Euclid satellite, scheduled for launch in 2020. particular, we study Deep Survey (EDS) which will provide unique combination area, depth cadence over mission. estimated...
Next-generation infrared astronomical instrumentation for ground-based and space telescopes could be based on MOEMS programmable slit masks multi-object spectroscopy (MOS). This technique is used extensively to investigate the formation evolution of galaxies. We are developing a 2048x1080 Digital-Micromirror-Device-based (DMD) MOS instrument mounted Galileo telescope called BATMAN. A two-arm has been designed providing in parallel imaging spectroscopic capabilities. The field view (FOV) 6.8...